280 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 



The top of the mountain is 4,000 ft. above sea level so that this 

 is probably the third highest mountain on the island, and the 

 fourth highest in the archipelago, the mountains at Banks Bay, 

 Iguana Cove, and the one on Narborough Island exceeding it in 

 height. There is an immense crater at the top which is about 

 four miles long and three broad as nearly as could be estimated. 

 The inner walls of the crater are nearly perpendicular in places. 

 The floor forms a broad flat plain, possibly 500 ft. below the rim, 

 which is covered with volcanic ashes, and beds of basaltic lava, 

 and cinders. There is a somewhat smaller crater inside the 

 larger one. 



The tufa hills in the vicinity of the cove are covered with a 

 spai"se growth of low bushes the most common species of which 

 are : Acacia macracantha, Croton Scouleri var. Macraei, Euphor- 

 bia diffusa, Lipochaeta laricifolia, and Waltheria reticulata. 

 There are also a few low trees of Bursera graveolens with 

 rounded crowns, and a considerable amount of Opuntia insularis. 

 There are many places wdiere the ground is nearly bare of vege- 

 tation, and although w^e visited here in j\Iarch at the end of the 

 rainy season, the prospect was far from inviting. Several 

 grasses occur in these open areas among which are : Aristida sub- 

 spicata, Anthephora hemaphordita, Bouteloua pilosa, Cenehrus 

 granularius, and other herbaceous plants. 



With the exception of an occasional specimen of Cereus sclero- 

 carpus the lava beds around the base of the mountain are bare of 

 vegetation except in protected places where a few grasses and 

 other small plants occasionally appear. On the flat area south 

 of the lava beds, which is covered with tufaeeous soil, the vege- 

 tation is thicker than it is on the tufa hills but is made up largely 

 of the same species with the addition of a few others. Bushes 

 and small trees are common here especially along the edges of 

 the lava beds where they often grow to a larger size and occur in 

 greater numbers than elsewhere. A few ferns are to be found 

 in protected places in this region. 



The tufa deposits above the base of the mountain are covered 

 to a considerable elevation with forms which are practically the 

 same as those on the plain below, except that the arrangement is 

 somewhat different, there being many open areas which are cov- 

 ered with grasses and other herbaceous plants. The canyons 

 here often have a heavy growth of Croton and Gossypium bushes 

 which grow much taller than they do in the more exposed places 



