332 \yiscoitsln Acudcmxj of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 



crater with steep sides, whicii rises to a height of 1,200 ft. The 

 sides of the mountain are covered with dry-region forms and ap- 

 parently tlierc is but little change in the cliaracter of the vege- 

 tation from the bottom to the top. The appearance of the moun- 

 tain was so uninviting that the top was not visited. The interior 

 of one of the smaller tufa craters in the vicinity of the Sugar- 

 loaf was visited, however, and a few halojihytic plants, and trees 

 of Hippomane IMancinelia were found growing around the salt 

 water lake in its interior. 



The sides of the mountain east of James Bay are covered with 

 forests, which to an elevation of 1,000 ft. are composed largely 

 of trees of Acacia tortuosa, Bursera graveolens, Erythrina velu- 

 tina, and a few trees of Hippomane Mancinella. The under- 

 growth is usually i-ather open in this region and is made up 

 mostly of bushes of, Castela galapageia, Cordia lutea, Croton 

 Scouleri var. brevifolius, Telanthera echinoeephala, Tourne- 

 fortia strigosa, and Waltheria reticulata forma intermedia. 

 Occasional trees of Scalesia pedunculata begin to appear 

 around an elevation of 1,000 ft., but they become larger and 

 more abundant higher up. Ferns are found abundantly above 

 1,300 ft. elevation such species as Doryopteris pedata. Polypo- 

 dium lepidopteris, P. pectinatum, and P. squamatum being the 

 most common. Such epiphytes as Peperomia galapagensis, and 

 Tillandsia insularis are also found. The undergrowth, which is 

 made up largely of Tournefortia strigosa, becomes thicker than 

 lower down. 



The rolling plateau, which extends from l,-400 ft. to the base 

 of the main crater at 2,200 ft. elevation, is covered with forests 

 of Pisonia floribunda, Psidium galapageium, Scalesia peduncu- 

 lata, and Zanthoxylum Fagara. The Scalesia trees are the most 

 abundant in this region, and form true Scalesia forests, as on 

 some of the other larger and higher islands of the group. The 

 trees of Psidium galapageium are smaller than at similar eleva- 

 tions on other islands where this species occurs. Bushes of 

 Tournefortia strigosa continue into this region and such other 

 bushes as Brachistus pubescens, Croton Scouleri var. grandifo- 

 lius, Erigeron tenuifolius var. tomentosus, Phytolacca oetandra, 

 Psyehotria rufipes, Tournefortia rufo-sericea, and Urera alceae- 

 folia are commonly found, especialij' towards the upper part of 

 this region. There are many open areas, in the deeper valleys 

 betweeji the hills and craters, which are covered with a heavy 



