8 Jan., 1908. J 



Diseases of Farm Animals. 



57 



DISEASES OF FARM Ax\IMALS. 



{Continued from page yOS, A'ol. F.) 



S. S. Cameron, 3/.R.C.V.S., Chief Veterinary Officer. 



VII.— ACCIDENTS AND INJURIES. 



Fracti'res. — Definition — Causation— Kinds — Repair or "Knittiny:" — Diagnosis- Treatment — 



fractures, base of skull, broken neck, broken back, broken ribs, split pastern, broken pelvis 



hip, patella or stifle-cap, broken leg. 

 Dislocations and Luxations. 

 Sprains. 

 Wounds. — Gravity Variety, incised, pvmctured, lacerated — Healing- — Treatment, lotions, powder 



Wounds, open joint, open bursas and tendon sheaths, broken knees. 

 Abrasions, Bruises, Contusions, and Abscesses. — Sore shoulders, saddle and girth galls — 



Fistulous withers -Capped elbow — Capped knee Capped hock— Capped shins. 

 Burns and Scalds. 

 RUPTURKS (Herniae).— Navel Rupture (Umbilical Hernia) -Scrotal or Inguinal Hernia. 



FRACTURES. 



A Fracture, in surgery, is detined as being "a solution of con- 

 tinuity of bone or other hard tissue." It means literally the act or result 

 of breaking, or the state of being broken, of a solid substance as dis- 

 tinguished from a rupture, the latter term being applied to the breaking 

 or tearing asunder of soft structures. Except when applied to the breaking 



Frequent 

 dropped 



s— Special 

 Sitfasts — 



Fig. 



Occipital (a) and Sphenoid [b) bones at base of brain 

 fractured in two places. (After Williams.) 



of the cartilages of the ribs or other cartilaginous structure the term frac- 

 ture is always associated with the breaking of bones. Fractures usually 

 result from violence, the incidence of which may be direct or indirect. 



Direct violence is the most common cause and it may be sustained 

 from ivithont, as when a kick or blow is inflicted, or from ivithin, as when 

 the pastern bone is broken as a result of sudden jar or shock received from 

 the column of bones above. 



