Journal of Agriculture. [8 April, 1908. 



admirably suited. Any of the fixed oils (castor, sweet, olive or linseed oil) 

 will do, but carron oil, which is a mixture of one of the fixed oils with 

 equal parts of lime water, has an additional soothing effect. When there 

 is great ipain a decoction of poppy leaves, opium or other sedative may be 

 mixed with the carron oil. Subsequent treatment should comprise the 

 dusting on daily of dry wound powders (page 156). 



The surface blisters whicJi form in se\ere burnings or scaldings should 

 be punctured with a needle or small knife previously sterilized bv heating 

 to a red heat. If the burn or scald is on a limb the part should, after the 

 oil treatment, be covered with a thick layer of cotton wool lightly bandaged 

 on, 



RUPTURES rHERNIvE). 



The domestic animals are not particularly liable to ruiptures, but occa- 

 sionally in the young of all species umbilical hernia (rupture of the navel) 

 is met with ; and in colt foals and boar piglings, scrotal or inguinal hernia 

 (rupture into the sac of the testicles) is fairly common. It also occasion- 

 ally occurs in stallions. 



Navel Rupture (Umbilical Hernia). 



This is a protrusion through the navel opening of some portion of the 

 abdominal contents. It may be a loop of the bowels or it may be a portion 

 of the caul net (omentum). The rupture is either present at birth or it 

 may appear within two or three months after birtli. It may vary in size 

 from a hen's to an emu's egg, but whatever the size the tendency is for it 

 to gradually get less as the animal grows older ; and in most cases it finally 

 disappears before the age of two years is reached. Sometimes the size 

 of the rupture will vary from day to day or even from hour to hour 

 according as the loop of bowel is full of ingesta or empty. 



For differentiation of such a rupture from any other kind of swelling 

 it will usually suffice that movement of the contained loop of bovvel is felt 

 when the enlargement is grasped by the hand ; or, in case it is the omentum 

 that is protruded, the fact that it can be pushed back into the abdominal 

 cavity through the navel opening is sufficient evidence. 



Treatment. — As stated before a cure is often effected spontaneously, 

 but recovery may be hastened by the continuous use of a broad flat truss 

 adjusted and kept in position by a loin strap attached to a surcingle. 



Fig. 23. Clams for Navel Rupture. 



If operative interference is deemed necessary the ligature method is 

 perhaps the most effective, as it is certainly the simplest and safest. The 

 animal should be thrown and placed on its back in order that gravity may 

 assist in manipulating the bowel or net through the opening into the 

 abdomen. This done the loose skin forming the rupture sac is grasped and 

 pulled taut, and a self-tightening ligature (clove hitch) of whip cord, 

 cat gut or wax-end is then applied as close up to the abdominal wall as 

 possible and drawn tight. In a few days the fold of skin external to the 

 ligature will drop off and in the meantime sufficient inflammation has been 



