314 Journal of Agriculture. [8 May, 1908. 



as those prevailing in Southern Spain. A few seedlings and hybrids have 

 been raised in Spain, but their number is very limited and the great 

 majoritv have been introduced from France. 



The earlier districts reconstituted did much pioneer work under adverse 

 circumstances. The Government either did not then believe in the ultimate 

 success of American vines, or did not realize its duty, and nothing was done 

 to assist growers, who were entirelv left to their own resources. The early 

 invaded districts, such as Malaga, Jerez, Montilla, and large areas in 

 Cataluiia, have been complete! v reconstituted without anv Government aid 

 whatever. 



A wiser spirit prevails nowadays, and in the more recently attacked 

 regions such as Navarre, Valencia, and La Rioja, the Government is doing 

 its utmost to help growers with information and advice. Resistant cuttings 

 are supplied at a low cost and in one or two provinces the Government is 

 supplying small growers with grafted rooted vines. 



I must here place on record my deep gratitude to the different Spanish 

 ^iticulturists with whom mv work broiight me in contact. The courteous 

 and friendly reception I met with on all sides touched me deeply. Wherever 

 I went I was most warmly receixed and cordiallv assisted. 



Spain does not lend itself to so simple a subdivision, from a viticultural 

 point O'f view, as Portugal does. In each province one finds localities de- 

 voted to a different branch of the viticultural industry, a good many of 

 which require to be dealt with separately. For example, in the great pro- 

 vince of Andalucia we have the wines of Jerez, the raisins and wines of 

 ^lalaga, and the important fresh grape shipping industry of Almeria, each 

 of which must be de.scribed .separately. ^Nly itinerary in Spain was as fol- 

 lows : — After spending three weeks in Jerez — my longest sta\- in any one 

 place in Spain — I visited in turn Malaga, Almeria, Granada, Montilla, 

 Cordoba, Manzanares, JNIadrid, Pamplona and other small centres in 

 JNavarre, Logroiio, Haro, and El Ciego in La Rioja. I then proceeded to 

 Barcelona, whence T visited Villa Franca del Panades, Reus, and San 

 Sadurni de Noves. From there I went to the raisin and orange region of 

 Valencia, Gandia. and Denia, and several other small places in their neigh- 

 bourhood. From Denia I returned to France, calling again at Valencia 

 and Barcelona, and also visiting Figueras and Llansa, near the French 

 border. Mv visit to Spain occupied nenrlv three months. 



The Jerez or Sherry District. 



Jerez was the first viticultural region I visited in Spain. I arrived 

 there on the 6th November from Cadiz, which port I reached by sea from 

 Lisbon, via Gibraltar. The Sherry district being a most interesting one 

 from a vine-growing as well as a Avine-making stand-point. T propose to 

 deal with it at .some length. 



Phylloxera made its appearance here in or about 1895, and in a very 

 short space of time completely destroved all vines except those growing in 

 verv sandv soil in which, here as elsewhere, the progress of the insect is 

 much slower. \n the majority of the soils of Jerez the conditions 

 are most suital)le for the de\-elopment of phylloxera and its effects were 

 very severelv felt. Reconstitution was immediately commenced, and though 

 only a small portion of the destroyed vineyards has as yet been replanted 

 enough has l:^en done to once more prove the success of the American stock, 

 even under most imfavorable soil conditions, for Jerez in Spain, and 

 Cognac in France, are the two districts where the greatest difficulties in 

 the wav of adaptation have been met with, of all the districts I have 



