8 May, 1908.] Viticulture in Eurcpe. 317 



and it is \'ery prnhahle that we possess large areas of sandv soils where 

 it will be possible to grow ungrafted Europeans. 



Stocks Used in the Jerez District. 



Though man\- of the pro%'ed stocks in general use in France have been 

 tried, a limited numjier have become generally po[)ular, and these only 

 need be considered here. 



At the Granja or Go\ernment experimental farm a large number of 

 experimental plots have recentlv been established, but they have not yet 

 reached an age when much information can be obtained from them. It is to 

 privave vinevards that we must turn for information. In many of these 

 interesting experimental plots have been establisheil long enough ago to 

 render them instructive. 



Pure American Species. — These are chiefly represented by Rupestris 

 du Lot and Vitis Berlandieri, Riparias not being used to anv extent. 

 I have generallv found Riparias to be the most sensitive of all American 

 vines to excess of lime. It was. therefore, only to be exj^ected tha: with 

 this element so plentiful as it is in the soils of Jerez that they would not 

 give good results. 



Rupestris du Lot, here as elsewhere, has its ])artisans and its adversaries 

 — chieflv the latter. I know of no sto<'k which has given rise to greater 

 differences of opinion. In soils which suit it, it gives entire satisfaction. 

 It must, however, only be planted in .soils which suit it, or decidedlv 

 unfavorable results will be obtained. In Jerez it is not popular. Manv 

 soils contain too niuch lime for it. Though in France it is held to 

 tolerate a fairlv high percentage of this element it is not considered 

 eligible in Jerez in soils containing over 12 per cent, of carbonate r>f 

 lime and soils less calcareous than this are the exception. In these soils 

 it is appreciated and I met several growers who are entirely satisfied with 

 it and who continue to plant it. In the alluvial river soils it is not 

 popular on account of non-setting of fruit troubles. Rupes:ris du Lot is 

 not a rich soil stock ; in such it jjromotes great growth of wood at the 

 expense of the fruit production. It is hardv and vigorous and in poor 

 deep soils where it can get its roots down it is undoubtedly a most valuable 

 stock. Jerez is a drv district and R. du Lot is not one of the most 

 drought resistant. On the whole, though giving satisfactory results in 

 some of the Barros and Arenas .soils, it does not occupy a leading position, 

 and in the Afuera soils is quite super.seded bv other more suitable stocks. 



Vitis Berlandieri. — Among the pure American species this is the most 

 interesting one met with near Jerez, which is one of the rare districts in 

 Spain where it is used on anvthing like a large scale. Its difficult pro- 

 pagation has prevented its emplovment in other districts, but in the most 

 calcareous of the Afuera soils, where no other American species will 

 remain green, in spite of its several drawbacks and the great expense of 

 reconstitu.ing a vinevard with it. this stock is rather extensively used. It 

 will be remembered that V. Berlandieri was the species recommended for 

 very limev soils as the outcome of the mission of "Si. P. Vialla. who was 

 sent to the United States by the French Go\ernment to seek for a wild 

 American vine, capable of standing these soils, which are .so often met 

 with in France. 



In some of the Afuera soils the percentage of lime is as high as 70 

 and even 80 per cent., and this in ai fine state of division which renders 

 Its influence all the more unfavorable. In such soils V. Berlandieri is 

 almost the only stock which can be used and in these difficult cases it has 



