•8 July, tqo8.] Raising an Export Af-plc Orchard. 389 



normal conditions it crops well. It grows rapidly and naturally shapes 

 itself. It thrives best in well drained soils, where there is no hard pan, 

 as often occurs in the poorer lands. Its price in London is generally such 

 as would pay, but unless it redeems its lost character I should discard it. 

 Rome Beauty, like the London Pippin, blooms late and receives the 

 .attention of the thrip. It is somewhat late for export, and does not com- 

 mand a price commensurate with its quality. It is somewhat difficult to 

 manage, and verv susceptible +0 woolly aphis. It is a good local variety. 



Esopus Spitzenberg is a vigorous grower but generallv a very shy 

 bearer. It is supposed to be partially self sterile, and therefore requires 

 planting adjacent to a varietv that blooms at the same time. The fruit 

 is of good qualitv and color, and the price in London payable if it were 

 to bear even fair crops. 



Cox' s Orange Pippin is a weak grower, somewhat of the character of 

 the Jonathan. It is subject to '' bark blotch," and requires forcing. It 

 is not comparable to Jonathan in bearing. Crops lightlv. Fruit excellent 

 in flavor and good color. 



Rymcr grows abnormallv large unless controlled. Crops everv second 

 year heavily. Fruit good color but no qualitv. Commands moderate 

 prices. 



Dumelow s Seedling (Wellington Pippin) crops heavilv every second 

 year. It has a tendency to overbear and the fruit is consequently small 

 unless the tree is well thinned out, and fed liberallv. The fruit is excel- 

 lent for jelly and a good "cooker." It is rather acid for the general 

 taste. This varietv brings a fair price in London. 



Reinette du Canada is a vigorous grower, and biennial cropper. It 

 thrives best on sandy soils. It belongs to the cooking varieties. Last year 

 it was a favorite in the German markets, but its j)rice in London was dis- 

 couraging. 



Statesman is a strong upright grower, and on granite formations vields 

 heavy crops of splendid color. Somewhat late for export, and subject to 

 Black Spot in autumn. 



Bismarck is a weak and straggling grower. Requires being kept more 

 upright, otherwise has a tendency to overbear and dwarf. Fruit is very 

 susceptible to Black Spot. It is good bearer, but prices in European 

 markets are not too promising. 



Annie Elizabeth is sO' subject to Bitter Pit that it should not be grown 

 south of the Divide. 



Plan of Orchard. 



The orchard should be so planned out in sections as to insure the most 

 economical advantages in working as well as to secure interpollinating 

 influences. The varieties blooming about the same time should occupv 

 either adjacent sections, or two or three rows of the one }Ou wish to pre- 

 dominate should intervene between two rows of another variety. By this 

 means interpollination can take place and when spraying and picking come 

 round they can be carried out with greater facilitv than would otherwise 

 be the case. 



To secure success eventually, every tree should each year record at 

 least standard progress, so that when the orchard comes into bearing the 

 ■owner will have, as far as possible, trees of uniform size, vigor, and re- 

 productive capability. We cannot but expect a few weaklings amongst 

 some hundreds of trees when we know that, in the beginning of the young 

 tree's life, it had to undergo' two serious operations — one of root-grafting. 



