398 Journal of Agriculture. [8 July, 1908. 



principal media of distributing this pest throughout districts in which the 

 orchards are some distance apart. If, however, the moth be introduced, 

 the most determined effort ought to be made to stamp it out on its first 

 discovery. The grower himself should examine every fruit at least once 

 a week, and, if affected, pull it off, and destroy the grub. This work is 

 too important to be deputed to the ordinary workman. If this is done 

 thoroughly it will save labor and losses in after years. If the codlin gets 

 a hold, then spraying and bandaging must be carried out. The arsenate 

 of lead spray has given excellent results. Spray first when the petals 

 have fallen, watch closely for the appearance of the eggs on the fruit, and 

 spray then at intervals of ten to fourteen days. As the habits of the 

 insect vary under different climatic conditions, the method of treatment 

 as regards the frequency of spraying and the time of its application must 

 vary accordingly. The resourceful and observant grower will find this 

 out for himself. 



Arsenate of Lead spray should be made as follows : — -Boil slowly and 

 keep well stirred for half an hour, i lb. of white arsenic, 2 lbs. of 

 washing soda and i gallon of water. Dissolve 7 lbs. of acetate of lead in 

 three gallons of warm wateir. Add the arsenic solution to the lead and 

 stir up thoroughly. This quantity is sufficient to make from 360 to 400 

 gallons of spray. 



If the grower should be afraid of burning his foliage he can determine 

 the effect first by spraying a part of a tree and letting- it remain for four or 

 five days, when, if too strong, the foliage will show any injury ocv'urring. 

 Arsenical sprays act differently under different climatic conditions. 



Apple Scab or Black Spot. — This disease is so amenable to the 

 Bordeaux mixture that the successful grower now sustains very tittle loss. 

 The orchard should be sprayed with the Bordeaux when the majority of 

 the blossoms have separated so that the spra)'- can run down along each 

 little stem, and before the petals have expanded. 



The formula for the Bordeaux mixture is 6 lbs. bluestone, 4 lbs. fresh 

 unslacked lime, 50 gallons of water. Slack the lime with small quantity 

 of water and then make up to 25 gallons. Dissolve bluestone in 25 gallons 

 of water. Run evenly into third vessel through strainer. Stir well and 

 apply with fine spray. 



Bark Blotch. — In the case of bark blotch the tree must be kept growmg 

 vigorously and the wood attacked should be cut out. 



EFFECT OF (M)L1) ON NEW DRY WINES. 



The following important paper has been translated by Mr. M. 

 d'A. Burney and forwarded to us by the courtesy of Messrs. P. B. 

 Burgoyne & Co. Mr. Burney in bringing it under the notice of Mr. 

 Burgoyne writes as follows : — 



" A pamphlet from the pen of Dr. P. Carles, a most prolific and 

 interesting French writer upon wine matters, has been sent to me, and 

 believing the suggestions it contains to be specially applicable to Australian 

 conditions, I have made a translation for use on your Mount Ophir vine- 

 yards. Necessarily prejudiced by his surroundings and by the immutable 

 belief that good wine can come from nowhere but his native district Dr. 



