lo Sept.. 1908.] Elemeuis of Animal Physiology. 519 



the hairs are not broken off as in ordinary ringworm {TricJiophyton ton- 

 surous) but are shed from their follicles. The depilated hair roots are 

 infested with spores and mycelium which, with a magnification of 500 

 diameters, resemble anthrax filaments fromi a culture, except that some 

 ■appear to be branched. Taking into consideration the complete depilation 

 which characterizes the affection I fake it that the fungus is likely to be 

 identical with the Trichophyton ^/5/7<2;25 described by Maguin. If this conclu- 

 sion is correct the disease is a variety of ringworm — a true trichophytosis 

 — but I have preferred the name of parasitic eczema as beiing more likely 

 to convey its etiological and clinical nature. 



The disease yields readily to germicidal treatment, a favorite and 

 •effective dressing of mine being a liniment composed of olive oil and 

 Avater, of each 4 ounces, with 2 drams of carbonate of potass to emulsify and 

 I dram of prussic acid as a germicide and local sedative to allay the 

 itchiness. 



It is significant, as tending to confirm the identity of this disease with 

 Queensland mange, that the Victorian visitation occurred about the same 

 time as tihe recrudescence of the disease in Queensland after the breaking 

 of the drought, as mentioned in Mr. Gordon's letter. The clinical symp- 

 toms, course and termination of the two affections are so much alike that, 

 also re^membering Mr. Tyron's discovery of a vegetoid parasite associated 

 in the latter disease, I am inclined to conclude that they are one and the 

 -Same disease. 



THE ELEMENTS OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY. 



{Coiifiniicd from page 332.) 



W. A. Osborne, M.B., D.Sc., Professor of Physiology and Histology, 

 Dean -of the Faculty of Agriculture in the University of Melbourne. 



XII. The Circulation. 



The blood could not carry out its functions unless it was circulating 

 in a definite manner to and from the organs of the body. To affect this 

 movement a muscular pumping organ, the heart, is found in the thorax 

 between the two lungs and joined to the largest blood vessels of the 

 body. The heart is in reality a double pump, the right and left portions 

 having no communication with one another. In each half there is the 

 thin-walled auricle, into which the blood is poured from the veins. 

 The auricle in each case communicates with a chamber Avith more muscular 

 walls called the ventricle; the opening between the two being guarded 

 by a valve so that the blood can pass from auricle to ventricle, but not 

 in a reverse direction. This valve is formed by two flaps in the left 

 half, and is called therefore the bicuspid valve, or, from a fancied 

 resemblance to a bishop's mitre, the mitral valve; but by three ^aps in 

 the right half, and called in consequence the tricuspid valve. Each 

 valve flap is firmly attached at its base to the junction of auricle and 

 ventricle and has the free end pointing towards the ventricle. These 

 valve flaps are stayed with tendinous cords — chords tendine^ — which 

 are fastened at one end to the edges of the flaps and at the other end 

 to muscular outgrowths from the inner walls of the ventricle. Out of 

 ■each ventricle proceeds an artery with tough fibrous walls. This opening 



