554 Journal of Agriculture. [lo Sept., 1908. 



Grafting. 

 Old trees that have been headed back should now be grafted. The 

 simplest and best method of doing so is by the rind or bark graft, which 

 i.'5 performed by cutting the branch straight across and smoothing over 

 with a sharp knife; then cut an incision through the bark for about an 

 inch and a quarter in length down the branch or stock, raise the bark a 

 little on each side of the cut, and insert the scion, which should be cut 

 with a long slope about an inch and a half long, under the bark of the 

 stock ; bind round with a bandage, and wax over to exclude the air. 

 This method of grafting very seldom fails if the scions are in proper 

 condition. To make the grafting wax, Take equal parts of tallow, beeswax, 

 and resin ; melt altogether in a pot over a slow fire. It is then readv for 

 use. It requires to be applied to the graft while it is warm. 



Spraying for Codlin Moth. 



Spraying for the Codlin Moth will soon engage attention. Arsenate 

 of lead is now acknowledged to be the best spray, as it seems to stick 

 and last longer on the trees than the other sprays. The way to prepare it 

 is as follows : boil i lb. of arsenic and 2 lb. washing soda in one gallon 

 of water for about twenty minutes; then put 7 lb. acetate of lead in a 

 bucket with 2 gallons of warm water to dissolve. In using, take one 

 quart of the arsenic liquid, and two quarts of the acetate of lead liquid, 

 mix together and put into the cask of the spray pump with 80 gallons 

 of water. 



It was observed last season that an unusually large numl>er of the codlin 

 moth grubs entered the apple from the eye; and, later in the season, 

 round the stalk. This could be remedied in a great measure by a thorough 

 spraying just after the petals fall from the flower, and before the calyx 

 closes up. This spraying should be done with a strong pressure from 

 the pump. If the flower is examined it will be seen that the stamens 

 stand up all round the calvx like a brush, and it requires strong pressure 

 from the pump to force the spray into the calyx. A light spray does not 

 Ijenetrate the calyx at all, but merely damps the outside ; therefore, put 

 as strong pressure as possible into the first spraying to make it effective. 



As the period of bloorr.ing of the different varieties of apples and 

 pears extends over a period of at least three weeks, it will be necessary, 

 if good work is to be done, to make a note of the varieties that are in 

 bloom at the same time, so that the spraying can be done just at the right 

 time. Many growers, wait till all the trees are done blooming before they 

 spray, with the result that the first spraying does very little good. Always 

 spray on time for the first spraying with the different varieties ; much 

 better work is then done, as the destruction of the grubs at this stage means 

 a considerable reduction latex on. 



All cases that have been used about the orchard should be collected 

 and scalded in boiling water to destroy any grubs that may be harboring 

 in the joints of the cases ; or they should be put into the fruit room, and 

 the room kept continually closed so that the moths when they hatch may 

 not get into the orchard. The moth commences to hatch the first week 

 in October, and continues till the first week in January, before the first 

 brood are all hatched. It is during the first and second week in November 

 that the greater number of the moths hatch, so that if the fixst spraying 

 about the middle of October has been effectively done, the second spraying 

 can be done the second week in November. 



