CLASSICAL CRITICISM. 171 



ters. DiflTerent, we refer again to Xenophon, was the usage ol'olher Greeks 

 from that of the Spartans. "As soon as they are capable of understanding 

 any thing, the other Greeks who aim at a superior education, give their 

 children to slaves as pedagogues, and send thera to teachers to learn read- 

 ing, writing, music, and gymnastics. They furnish their boys with shoes 

 and garments in excess, and permit them to indulge their appetites with- 

 out restraint." Lycurgus employed no slave in this service, but gave them 

 to the care of the paidonomoi, who exercised control over the whole, 

 and could inflict punishment. In his absence one of the citizens took his 

 place, so that the boys might not be alone. The best men were selected 

 from the different divisions of the people, that there might always be a 

 suitable leader. For the infliction of punishment, some of the Ephebor 

 were employed who carried whips f^aFTtyet^o^ou This produced great 

 decorum of behavior and conformity to the law. 



CLASSICAL CRITICISM. 

 The reading alunt for agunt in Cicero pro Archia Poeta, c. iv, § 16. 



"Nam ceterae neque temporum sunt, neque setatum omnium, neque 

 locorum ; haec studia adolescentiam agunt, seneclutem oblectanl, secun- 

 das res ornant, adversis perfugium ac solatium praebent, delectant domi, 

 non impediunt foris pernoctant nobiscum, peregrinantur, rusticantur." 



For other studies are riot suited to all circumstances, to every age, 

 or to every place ; these attract youth, amuse old age, are an ornament 

 in prosperity, a refuge and a consolation in adversity, are a source of 

 gratification at home, do not interfere with our movements abroad, are 

 with us during the watches of the night, accompany us in our travels, 

 and retire with us to the country. 



This celebrated and beautiful passage contains two very interesting 

 various readings. The first of these, ccicrae for cetera, has not attracted 

 so much attention but has been generally adopted since the time of Er- 

 nesti. Although I have strong doubts of its correctness, I retain this 

 reading as a matter of convenience, because it does not alter the sense. 

 Whether ceterae be referred to ani niadversiones, inferred from the prece- 

 ding sentence, (as suggested by Mobius in his edition of Cicero i. p. 

 266, and adopted by Dr. Anthon in his Select Or. Cic. 1843,) or to Jit- 

 terae as others maintain, the translation which we give above will be 

 correct, though I cannot but regard both of these connections as far- 

 fetched. To use cetera either as an indefinite term or to refer it to stu- 

 dia in the following clause, appears to me much more simple, and I 

 should, on this account, prefer retaining the common reading. 



