I.IX.VAF.L'S. 239 



own flavor to some extent. By covering with bran tlie soot will not 

 adhere. 



3. By salting. — To the salt one-sixteenth of nitre and one-thirty- 

 second of sugar should be added. The meal should be subjected to 

 heavy pressure, and no water added, unless the brine obtained in the act 

 of pressing .should be insufticient to cover it. When a pickle is neces- 

 sary it may be composed of 4 lbs. salt, 1 lb. sugar, 2 oz. saltpetre, and 

 2 gals, water. 



4. By pickling. — The vinegar acts by coagulating the albumen ; it 

 should be as strong as possible. 



IMeat may be kept for months by covering with oil or fat of some 

 kind, or it may be immersed in water which has been deprived of its air 

 by boiling, and covered with oil to prevent contact with the atmosphere. 



It is asserted that fish may be kept alive in a torpid state by pouring 

 a little brandy into them and packing them in straw. 



Eggs maj^ be preserved by placing them for five minutes in water 

 heated to 140° to expel the air, and then coating them with oil or gum 

 arable. Milk of lime is also recommended. Eggs coated with gum ar- 

 able and packed in charcoal, will keep good for a year. For sea voyages 

 the albumen and yolk may be beaten together and dried with a moderate 

 heat ; when used a portion is dissolved in water. 



Grain and flour may be preserved any length of time if kiln-dried, 

 and packed in tight vessels. 



Fresh fruits should be carefully picked in dry weather and before 

 fully ripe, they should be exposed for eight or ten days to a dry air and 

 then packed, without touching, in dry straw or saw dust. 



A very efficacious mode of preserving meats, fowls, &c. for exporta- 

 tion, consists in parboiling it in the smallest quantity of water, so as to 

 form a very rich soup. The whole is then placed in tin canisters with 

 spices, and the tops soldered on leaving only a very small opening in 

 each, the contents of the canisters are then boiled again, and while filled 

 with steam the openings closed with solder, all access of air is thus pre- 

 vented, and the contents of the canisters will keep fresh and good for 

 years. Turtle is exported in this way from the West Indies 



Foul water may be purified by passing it through charcoal or by 

 adding a little alum, and sulphate of iron or chlorine. 



BIOGRAPHY OF LINNAEUS, 



Ci.iFFORT proposed to Linnaeus to make a visit to England for the 

 purpose of connecting him-self willi the naturalists of that country, and to 



