258 Studies in the P/iysiolof/i/ of Fertilization 



With one exception, in which four individuals were reared for over a 

 month, in all the cultures derived from self-fertilizations the young 

 metamorphosed animals died off during the first week. This was very 

 striking in contrast with cultures from cross-fertilizations in which the 

 animals grew rapidly from metamorphosis onwards. Potts (13) states 

 that " The pathological development which Castle found characteristic 

 of self- fertilized embryos did not occur in my experiments." It is plain, 

 however, that the effect of self-fertilization does not usually manifest 

 itself in the embryo, but at, or more usually after, metamorphosis. 



REFERENCES. 



1. Castle, W. E. "The Early Embryology of Ciona intestinalis." Bull. Mus. 



Comp. Zool., Harvard, Vol. xxvn. 1896, p. 203. 



2. CoMPTON, R. H. " Preliminary Note on the Inheritance of Self-.sterility in 



Reseda odorata." Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc. Vol. xvii. 1912. 



3. " Phenomena and Problems of Self-sterility." A^ew Ph/tol. Vol. xil. 



1913, p. 197. 



4. CoRRBKS, C. "Selbststerilitiit imd ludividualstoffe." Festschr. d. med.-nat. 



Ges. z. 84, Versanmil. deutsch. Naturf. u. Arzte, MUnster, 1912. 



5. Darwin, C. The Effects of Cross- and Self-fertilization, 1876. 



6. FncHS, H. M. "The Effects of Abundant Food on the Growth of Young 



Ciona intestinalis." Biol. Centralbl. Bd. xxxiv. 1914, S. 429. 



7. GoLSKi, St. " Reifung und Befruchtung de.s Eies von Ciona intestinalis," 



Bull. Acad. Cracovie, 1899, p. 124. 

 7a. GuTHERZ, S. " Selbst- und Kreuzbefruchtmig bei solitaren Ascidien." Arch, 

 f. mikr. Anat. Bd. lxiv. 1904, S. 111. 



8. Hartmeyer, R. Fauna Arctica, Bd. ni. 1904, S. 301. 



9. Morgan, T. H. " Self-Fertilization Induced by Artificial Means." Journ. 



E.vp. Zool. Vol. I. 1914, 1). 13,5. 



10. " Some Further E.xperiment-s in Self- Fertilization in Ciona." Biol. Bull. 



Vol. VIII. 1905, p. 313. 



11. "Cross- and Self-Fertilization in Ciona intestinalis." Arch. f. Entw.- 



Mech. Bd. xxx. 1910, S. 206. (Festschrift.) 



12. Van Name, W. G. "SimjJe Ascidians of the Coasts of New England." 



Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Vol. xxxiv. p. 439. 



13. Potts, F. A. "Notes on Fi-ee-Living Nematodes." Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 



Vol. LV. 1910, p. 481. 



14. Seeliger, 0. "Tunicata" in Bronns Tierreich, Bd. in. 



