370 Chemist nj of Menclelian Factors Jor Flotver-Colour 



its neutral state and forms red oxonium salts with acids and blue salts 

 with alkalies. 



Willstatter's second and third papers deal with the preparation and 

 constitution of a number of anthocyanins in addition to the pigment of 

 the Cornflower. The main facts of importance in both communications 

 will be set out first as follows. 



The analyses, published in Willstatter's first paper, of the cyani<lin 

 of the Cornflower in the form of the chloride have been found by him 

 to be incorrect owing to imperfect drying and a new foi-mula f'loni 

 analyses (by combustion) is given as : 



Cyanidin chloride, CbHioOsHCI (original formula CifiHuOyHCl). 



The anthocyanin of the Rose (Rosa gallica) was found to be a 

 diglucoside of cyanidin and also the pigment, idain, from the Cranberry 

 to be a galactoside of cyanidin, giving two molecules of galactose on 

 hydrolysis. 



The additional anthocyanins' isolated are: 



Delphinin (from Delphimvm flowers), which gives on hydrolysis 

 2 mols. of glucose, 2 mols. of ^-oxybenzoic acid and 1 mol. of delphinidin, 

 C^H^AHCl. 



Pelargonin (from Pelargonium flowers), which gives on hydrolysis 

 2 mols. of glucose and 1 mol. pelargonidin, CisHioOsHCl. 



Onin (fi-om Grapes), which gives on hydrolysis 1 mol. glucose and 

 1 mol. onidin, C,,H„0;HC1. 



Myrtillin (from Bilberry fruits and flowers of Hollyhock, Althaea 

 rosea), which gives on hydrolysis myrtillidin, Ci6H].,0;HCl and glucose. 



Malvin (fi-om Mallow flowers), which gives on hydrolysis malvidin, 

 CHiAHCl. 



All the above substances were prepared in the ciystalline form as 

 hydrochloric acid salts and- apparently analyses were madi^ from such 

 salts only. 



The formulae for the pigments free fi-om hydrochlcjric acid may be 

 compared with the flavones as follows : 



Cyanidin, CisHjoOg, isomeric with luteolin, kampherni and flsetin. 



Pelargonidin, CijHioOs, isomeric with apigenin. 



Delphinidin, CisHioO., isomeric with quercetin and moriii. 



Onidin, C,.H,oO,(CH.,)3 ] .u w . , ■ t- f i i .• 



• ,,•,• ^ TT ^ ./~iTT N are methylated derivatives ot ilclplu- 

 Myrtilhdin, CsHioO^ (CHj) y . ^ ' 



Malvidin C,5H,oO,(CH,)„ J ° 



' In the present paper the distinction made by Willstatter between anthocyanin 

 (glucosidal product) and anthooyanidin (non-glucosidal product) is not employed. 



