February, '21] xewell: organization in economic entomology 41 



ogist or inspector to do the same things. We regret to say that there 

 have been instances of entomologists transporting living specimens 

 of an injurious form into non-infested territory for the purpose of 

 conducting experiments with them! Failure to exercise every precau- 

 tion to prevent the spread of injurious insects by the entomological 

 workers themselves, quickly destroys public confidence, the first requisite 

 for public support. 



There must be division and subdivision of the working force into 

 groups or departments, each group specializing upon some particular 

 phase of the problem or undertaking; yet the work of all groups must 

 be correlated without perceptibly overlapping. 



Conferences between the chief executive and the division or depart- 

 ment heads should be held frequently, not only for the purpose of dis- 

 cussing routine matters and thus keeping all familiar with the general 

 work of the organization but also to consider special problems of practice 

 or policy. A wise executive will seek expression of opinion from his 

 department heads and give consideration to their views, even though 

 final decision and the responsibility therefor rests with him. In a sense, 

 the relations of chief and minor executives should be those of general 

 and staff. In like manner conferences should be frequently held be- 

 tween department heads and their subordinates and so on down, until 

 every member of the organization, no matter how humble his position, 

 has been reached. 



With all of these conditions fulfilled the success of the organization 

 itself will depend upon many things which, at first thought, may appear 

 to be relatively unimportant. The first of these is morale, something 

 which is hard to define and still harder to create. Morale does not 

 exist unless the workers are men of high moral character, honest, con- 

 scientious and good citizens. This requirement is of even more im- 

 portance than technical training for the particular work in hand. 

 Perhaps one of the greatest factors in morale is leadership and all that 

 the word implies, for the workers must have implicit confidence in their 

 leader, his ability, integrity and sense of justice. He must see to it 

 that there is no partiality as between employees, that promotions are 

 made on merit and ability regardless of the employee's technical training 

 or collegiate degrees. Of equal importance is the prompt eliminatioti 

 from the force of all those who are unfit either through ignorance, lazi- 

 ness or personality. The selection and assignment of executives in 

 minor positions is also of importance as these officials are in closest 

 touch with the actual workers and must reflect in large degree the 

 policies and attitude of those higher in command. Personal contact 

 between field force and headquarters is a vital factor, for leadership is 



