42 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 14 



largely a matter of confidence, based on personal contact and experience. 

 Employees from the lowest to the highest should be given opportunity 

 to offer their suggestions and to confer with fellow workers and leaders. 

 It must be remembered that the hiunblest workman in a factory may 

 make an important invention or a marked improvement in manufactur- 

 ing methods: in the same way the humblest field worker may find the 

 solution of difficult problems or a better method which may go far 

 towards insuring the success of the undertaking. 



Admitting to the organization persons who receive their appointments 

 for reasons of political expediency, whether such persons be competent 

 or not, will quickly destroy the morale of any force of workers. Justice 

 and a "square deal" are perhaps more instrumental in maintaining morale 

 than any other factors. The em.ployees must have enthusiasm; not 

 the bombastic kind but that kind which manifests itself in duty well 

 performed, in a firm belief in the merits of the project and confidence in 

 its ultimate success. A certain measure of responsibility must also rest 

 upon each individual worker. He must be held responsible for the ac- 

 complishment of certain definite things, either great or small, but must, 

 at the same time, feel assured that he will receive credit for what he 

 accomplishes as a factor contributing to his future promotion. 



An executive can well afford to be over-liberal with his subordinates 

 in the matter of "credit," for any accomplishment which reflects credit 

 upon a member of his organization reflects credit upon himself as well. 



Authority must be centralized. When different agencies, such as 

 the state and federal governments, work in cooperation, the activities 

 of both should be directed by one and the same executive. By this 

 means are duplications of effort, waste of funds and petty jealousies 

 eliminated. 



Scientific research must go hand in hand with the actual application 

 of repressive or control measures and should keep pace with the latter. 

 Until recent years entomologists have held quite tenaciously to the con- 

 tention that thorough life-history studies should precede practically 

 all attempts at control or repressive measures and even today we can 

 see evidence of this belief in the attitude of some entomologists towards 

 the larger entomological problems confronting us. While we do not 

 wish to be imderstood as discounting in the least the value of such 

 knowledge, nevertheless it does not necessarily follow that a large-scale 

 attempt to control or eradicate an insect pest must wait upon the acqui- 

 sition of all desired information concerning its biology, parasites, etc. 

 It must be admitted that all possible or available information in regard 

 to a pest is desirable and a certain amount is necessary for intelligently 

 handling an eradication or control project but to hold a project in abey- 



