326 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC entomolo'gy [Vol. 14 



usalis Walk. Both species are abundant and injurious. Sparganoihis 

 resembles somewhat the common Bud-moth in size and in having a 

 shiny black head and prothorax. but the body is olive in color. 



Among the smaller late side feeders of apple may be mentioned the 

 Codlin moth (Carpocapsa pomonella Clem.), the lesser apple worm 

 {Laspeyresia prunivora Walsh) and the Lesser Bud-moth {Recurvaria 

 nanella Hubner). Neither of the last two species have been found 

 very abundant. Recurvaria nanella is, however, the more common 

 and considering the many localities from which it has been reported 

 in the Eastern States, it seems that this may be a more serious pest in 

 parts of the countr}' than the Lesser apple worm. 



In making this hasty review of the situation as regards late feeders, 

 it is hoped that we have been able t3 clear up considerable of the con- 

 fusion existing both in literature and in the minds of many investiga- 

 tors of Fruit insects. Not only have the injuries been confused in the 

 past but a lack of definite knowledge of the species of insect or their 

 habits has made their control difficult. The discovery of the preceed- 

 ing new injurious species and their late feeding habits has helped con- 

 siderably to clear up the situation but there is still much work to be 

 done. 



Control measures against these species take into consideration spray- 

 ing to poison the early spring broods of the various species. Our tests 

 indicated that arsenate of lead in the dormant and delayed dormant 

 sprays is important. We have been able to secure a much larger per- 

 centage of control in plots where both of these applications were in- 

 cluded in the spraying program. Comparisons have been made with 

 dust applications similarly applied, but as indicated in the accompany- 

 ing diagrams, the liquid sprays have proven thus far the most satisfac- 

 tory. The experiments clearly demonstrate that injuries from these 

 late summer feeding lepidopterons can be materially reduced if or- 

 chardists practice consistent and thorough spraying during the early 

 spring months. 



Explanation Of Charts 



The following chart illustrating the percentage of Leaf roller injury 

 was prepared from the examination of 29,482 drop fruits, approximate- 

 ly 10,000 fruits from each, the Check, Dusted and Sprayed plats. These 

 were gathered throughout the summer from June 11th. to October 5th, 

 as indicated on the horizontal axis. The curve for Leaf roller Injury 

 unquestionably molds the curve for percentages of Unsound Fruit. 



