JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 



OFFICIAL ORGAN AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGISTS 



AUGUST, 1921 



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The need of natural or biological methods for the control of recently 

 introduced pests is emphasized by recent developments in the case of 

 the European corn borer and the conditions in the territory infested by 

 the Japanese beetle. Both of these insects are not easily checked by 

 the more customary repressive measures. Both are spreading and 

 each is a real menace to valuable crops. The history of other intro- 

 duced insects indicates a period of severe, usually somewhat local 

 injury followed by a more or less gradual reduction in the number of 

 the pests as a consequence of parasite attack, fungous infection or a 

 failure on the part of the insect to continue to respond favorably to 

 climate or other conditions. The relation of an insect to its environ- 

 ment is an exceedingly complex problem and it is practically impossi- 

 ble to forecast the factor or factors destined to bring about a more 

 satisfactory condition. Direct or artificial methods of control should 

 be regarded as somewhat temporary expedients, pending the discovery 

 ofmoresatisfactory ways of dealing with the situation. This is especially 

 true of the field and forest crops where low values prohibit the adop- 

 tion of systematic spraying or other treatments so common in orchards 

 and it is by no means impossible that the costly schedule of the fruit 

 grower may not eventually be replaced by methods more in harmony 

 with the natural plan of "live and let live," except that there will 

 always be a tendency to turn such forces to man's advantage and it 

 is certainly advisable to avoid, so far as practicable, conditions favor- 

 able to injurious insects. This last may have much greater significance 

 than most realize and the possibilities along this line have by no 

 means been exhausted. 



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