480 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 14 



Parasitic Insects 



Telenwnus sp. (Hymenop. det. A. B. Gahan). Early in this study a 

 number of egg-masses of Fall Canker-worms were collected from which 

 the larvae had hatched. It was observed that perhaps 25% to 40% 

 of the eggs had not yielded larv^ae. From these this parasite was easih- 

 reared. This was apparently the most useful parasite. It is uncertain 

 whether this or C. frigidum, should be given first rank among the natural 

 enemies, in total good accomplished. 



Euplectrus sp. (H^Tiienop. det. A. B. Gahan). Several Canker- 

 worms were found with ver^- small external parasitic larv^ae attached. 



From one of these this species was reared. 



Sarcophaga cinibicis, or, latisterna, (Dip. Tachin.). One specimen 

 was reared from Canker-worm.. The specimen is female, and may be 

 either of the above species, (det. J. M. Aldrich). 



Collected Species 



During the study six species of Tachina-flies were collected in the 

 worm, area, — of these Masicera eufitchiae Twnd. was corrmon. Also 

 eight species of Ichneumonidae were taken among which were four species 

 of Amblyteles , which may be parasitic to canker-worm., — the others 

 were larger species which probably do not attack it. 



Fungous and Bacterial Disease 



It had been expected that these would be in much e\'idence by this, 

 the fourth successive year of attack. This did not prove to be the case, 

 although warm and damp weather was not lacking. Only an occasiona 1 

 worm was found which seemed to have perished from, disease, and there 

 was no hint of an epidemic among them. This condition may yet 

 develop. 



H; ^ H^ ^ H^ ij; 



While the canker-worms were present in countless numbers, yet 

 residents testified (and evidences were observed) that the defoliation 

 was not so complete in 1920 as it had been in 1917, 1918, and 1919. 



It is believed that this was due largely to an increase in the efficiency 

 of the natural enemies, especially Calosoma frigidimi, Telemonus sp., 

 and Podisus modestus, — (doubtless others helped), and the small birds. 

 This gives basis for the hope that these m_ay continue to increase, causing 

 a further subsidence of the outbreaks, until the canker-worm may again 

 become inconspicuous. An outbreak of disease among the worms would 

 hasten this result. 



