Some Observations oii the Genas Kubus. l()- r > 



raore common upon the western coast of the Scandinavian peninsula (page 21), 

 also extends further towards the north, than it tloes upon tlie eastern coast. 

 I )n the continent also, this species has a preponderating westerly, yes, even a 

 north westerly extension. I assume thereibre, when. during its wandering from 

 the east, it carae under the influence of the oceanic climate — probably in the 

 northwest part of our continent, in sui table localities — that R. suberectns 

 produced R. fruticosus. As this last named species arises niost on open, 

 stony, or rocky places, and when it grows in woods, its leaves take a form, 

 that somewhat approaches that, which characterises R. subereetus, so it is pro- 

 bable, that R. fruticosus arose in such localities. R. subereetus, on the 

 contrary, seems to prefer woods, and has a preponderating Continental extension. 

 The fact that R. fruticosus grows higher up the mountains, than any of the 

 other black-fruited brambles, with the exception of R. subereetus, and that 

 in the lowlands of southern Europé, it grows exclusively in forest-tiacts, as is 

 the case with all the northern plants, when they are also found in southern 

 Europé, gives, aecordiug to my idea, a strong support to the opinion, that R. 

 fruticosus has arisen in a more northern part of Europé. It is, however, to 

 be regretted, that as yet, we have so limited a knowledge of the geographical 

 distribution of the brambles, in the eastern part of the continent; for> only a 

 better acquaintance with this, can make it possible to form a somewhat certain 

 opinion of the genetic connection between the forms belonging to Suberecti. 



25. R. subereetus Ands. in Linn. Trans. XI, pag. 218; Lindeb. Herb, 

 kul). Scand. fasc. ] , n. 4. 



This species grows in the whole of southern Sweden, although hardly any 

 where in great abundance. as far as to between 59° and (30° n. lat. Also in 

 Norway, as far as to 62° 41' n. lat. It grows more generally inland than 

 near the sea. Mr. Kindberg has informed me that in Östergötland, it is pretty 

 common in woody districts, but that in this county, he met with it only in 

 fwo places on the coast, and such must be the case, över nearly all our 

 country. It grows also in counties such as Vérmland and Nerike, which 

 are far djstant from the Baltic, as well as the North sea. It seems, in fact, 

 inöst to be met with in forest-tracts and in general requires deep soil, rather 

 than rocks and stony ground. 



The extension of R. subereetus in our country seems thus to show, that 

 ii is a more continental species, and also of a comparatively greal age. Also 



