178 F. W. C. Arescliotig. 



mutually nearly related and belonging to 11. corylifolius, produce each its 

 own form, and both these forms are analogous and at the same time so nearly 

 related fco each other, tbat I have considered it right to ref'er them to one and 

 the saine subspecies. The form developed from R. nemoralis, is the typical 

 R. * Balfourianus, and the form developed from R. * Wahlbergii, I have 

 called R. Balfourianus, var. ruderalis (page 70). R. * nemoralis and 

 * maximus have likewise produced analogous varieties, viz, permixtus and 

 mixtus (page 83). In general, in the polymorpbous genera, it is certainly not 

 uncommon, tbat collective species include heterogeneous, but analogous forms. R. 

 polyanthemos and R. Lindebergii, var. sericeus, R. sulcatus and R. 

 suberectus, var conjungens (page 167). with otbers, give further examples of 

 analogous and nearly related forms. R. Lindebergii and R. nitidus exhibit, 

 in regard to the form of the leaflets and prickles, a more remote analogy. The 

 same is the case with the above mentioned forms of R. corylifolius and the 

 species of the Suberecti. In the herbaceous brambles traces of anlogy are 

 more occasional. because the affinity between these species is more remote (pa- 

 ges 44, 4,">). 



On the continent, this genus appears in a greater number of forms than 

 on the Scandinavian peninsula. There exists also a greater difficulty in dis- 

 tinguishing between the affined and the analogous forms. For in those di- 

 stricts where a large number of northern and southern species grow mixed 

 with one another, the northern assume a more southern, and the southern a 

 more northern stamp. It would truly require very long and careful' examina- 

 nations to be able in each particular case to dehne the limits between, for 

 example, the group of Discolores ' and that of Cordifolii, the first of 

 which has a southern extension and is descended from R. tomentosus (page 

 147), the latter, on the contrary, has a northern extension and is developed 

 from R. ['mucosus (page 157). 



From the only cursory acquaintance, that I had the opportunity of ma- 

 king in England with the brambles of that country, it has appeared to me, as 

 if many of the English species which are identified with the Continental ones, 

 were analogous to, rather than identical with them. »So e. g. it has appeared 

 to ine as if Et. leucostachys, 8m. there has given origin to a great many 

 forms that are analogous to Continental species, but have beeome identified with 

 them. AJso verv many of the glandulous 'species are so nearly connected with 



