2G6 Mancujcmeid of Dairy Cattle. 



rial, will be about i ^'^^ '■> which is assimilated in increase of 

 fibrine and represents only 1^ to 2 lbs. ol substances rich in pro- 

 tein beyond what is required for her maintenance. 



If we examine the effects on the fertility of the land, my milch 

 cows, when on rich pasture, and averaging a yield of nine quarts 

 per day, and reckoning one cow to each acre, will carry off in 20 

 weeks 25 lbs. of nitrogen, equal to 30 of ammonia. The same 

 quantity of milk will carry off 7 lbs. of phosphate of lime in 20 

 weeks from each acre. 



A fattening animal gaining flesh at the rate 1 have described 

 will carry off about one-third of the nitrogen (equal to about 

 10 lbs. of ammonia) abstracted by the milch cow, whilst if 

 full grown it will restore the whole of the phosphate. 



It is worthy of remark that experience states that rich pastures 

 used for fattening, fully maintain their fertility through a long 

 series of years ; whilst those used for dairy cows require periodical 

 dressings to preserve their fertility. 



If these computations be at all accurate, they tend to show that 

 too little attention has been given to the supply of substances rich 

 in nitrogenous compounds in the food for our milch cows, whilst 

 we have laid too much stress on this property in food for fattening 

 cattle. They tend also to the inference that in the effects on 

 the lertility of our pastures used for dairy purposes, we derive 

 advantage not only from the phosphate of lime, but also from 

 the gelatine of bones used as manure. 



On comparing the results from my milch cows fed in summer on 

 rich pasture, and treated at the same time with the extra food I 

 have described, with the results when on winter food, and whilst 

 wholly housed, taking into account both the yield of milk and the 

 gain of weight, I find those from stall-feeding fully equal to those 

 Irom depasture. The cows which I buy as strippers, for fattening, 

 giving little milk, from neighbouring farmers who use ordinary 

 food, such as turnips with straw or hay, when they come under 

 my treatment, increase their yield of milk, until after a week or 

 two they give two quarts per day more than Avhen they came, and 

 that too of a much richer quality. 



Richness of Milk and Cream. 



I sometimes observe in the weekly publications which come 

 under my notice accounts of cows giving large quantities of butter ; 

 these are usually, however, extraordinary instances, and not accom- 

 panied with other statistical information requisite to their being 

 taken as a guide; and it seldom happens that any allusion is made to 

 the effects of the food on the condition of the animals, without which 

 no accurate estimate can be arrived at. On hxjkins: over several 

 treatises to which I have access, 1 find the following statistics on 



