362 



Cultivation of Moorland. 



adapted to the usual average purposes of this class of farm, is 

 about twenty-three shillings per running foot. 



Should men of capital and enterprise wish to try their hand at 

 extensive enclosures, cultivation, stock-farming, &c,, even tJien the 

 house and buildings can be erected to suit them, at the same rate 

 of outlay, and on the same plan of divisional erection. 



Fencing. — Good fences are of course an indispensable requisite 

 in the enclosure of unreclaimed land. Fences are not only ne- 

 cessary to protect crops, but contribute in no small degree, by 

 the shelter they afford, to augment and improve the produce 

 itself. The making of small plantations upon a farm, or the 

 planting of corners between fields, thus, 



are good adjuncts for shelter. 



The disposition and situation of fences depend upon a variety 

 of circumstances, such as the extent of the farm, the character of 

 the land, whether arable, pasture, or meadow, on the inequalities 

 of the surface, the supply of water, and the course of husbandry. 

 On farms of tolerable size, having a moderate quantity of arable 

 land, the number of enclosures should be twice as many as the 

 number of years in the rotation of cropping. Thus in a moist 

 grass-land district, where the fields remain in pasture for several 

 years, and are under the six-field course of culture, there should 

 be twelve enclosures, two of which are always under the same 

 crop ; and the situation of each field should be so arranged as 

 to group together a good and an inferior field, one being at a 

 higher elevation than the other, and consequently at a greater 

 distance from the homestead — the homeward field (being nearest 

 the manure heap) thereby affords roots for the yards, if wished, 

 while the distant, elevated, poorer field has its produce consumed 

 upon the land. 



In the adjustment of the lines of fences much convenience and 

 some saving of expense in drainage will be secured if they are 

 made to correspond with the outlets of the main drains, and 

 these again with the carriers for irrigation. 



The boundary fences formerly erected in hilly districts 

 against the open common lands are termed " one-sided fences," 

 from the circumstance of their being made with an upright 

 facing on the outer side, and a moderate slope on the inside. 

 This fence is faced with stones. 



The front of this fence is first sunk to the depth of 2 feet, and 



