Cultivation of Moorland. 



373 



SECTION OF DHAIX. 



8 xn. 

 in tlie. 

 Solid. 



C inches. 



of the country, it will be necessary to keep them a little below 

 the porous stratum that supplies tlie water, and cause occasional 

 upright drains to be driven across them ; by this means the upper 

 line of water'issuin<2: from behind some impervious bed or rock 

 will be effectually tapped and cured. 



In ordinary cases of draining;, care should be taken to lay out 

 the drains so as to cross the line of strata at rig-ht an^rles ; by 

 this plan many acres will be laid dry by means of a single deep 

 drain, while numbers of drains cut xcith the line of country have 

 done but little or no good. 



The more feeble springs that empty themselves upon the sides 

 of the hills, and often at a low range, through some loose or 

 porous soil, sliakes in the rock, or otherwise, are best tnjiped 

 by a short level, and at a toleraljle depth : these sliould be so 

 arranged as to be placed in immediate connection with the " water- 

 gutters " that are passing at their foot, so that the latter may 

 receive the drainage water. Tliese water-gutters should be set 

 out l)efore the draining is executed, and t!ie outfalls of the drains 

 and the lines of the water-carrier should l)e (onsidered in llieir 

 bearing upon each other. The; water issuing from underground 

 tlrains is generally excellent as irrigation water, altliough if it had 

 been allowetl to ooze out tlirough the vegetable matter near the 

 surface it would have done nothing but mischief. The material 

 used for drainini; in an elevated country is usually native stone, 

 wiiich is quarried uj)on tlie spot and found to be much cheaper 

 than tile or pijx's. 



Again, in piactice it is found tliat liberally stoned drains in a 

 stormy district carry away these sudden gushes of water more 

 eH'ectually than the small aj)erture of a tile or pipe. Pipes of 



