Action of the Atmosphere iipon newly -deepened Soil. 411 



increased in an hour from 65° to 88° by exposure to sunshine, 

 whilst a chalk soil was heated only to 69° under the same circum- 

 stances." The mould, however, was found to cool much quicker 

 than the chalk. A brown fertile soil he also noticed to cool 

 quicker than a cold barren clay, but when the clay contained 

 moisture it lost its heat very rapidly. 



In the following table I have thrown together some of the highest 

 temperatures which the soil has been observed to take, premising 

 that good observations of this kind are scanty, and that consider- 

 ably greater degrees of heat must occur in tropical climates : — 



Places. 



Shade, 

 Temp, of 

 the Air. 



France 



Geneva, 1334 Eng. feet above sea 

 Tubingen, 1076 Eng. feet do. .. 



Egypt •• •• 



Tropics 



Oronoco, coarse white sand 

 African Desert, sand 



Nubia, sand 



Cape of Good Hope, soil of a) 



garden J 



Bermuda 



91-5F. 



84 



98 



Temperature 

 of tlic sur- 

 face Soil. 



Authority. 



127 F. 

 125 

 153.5 

 144 



Arago. 

 Schubler. 



Edwards and Colin. 



often 126^ 1„ , , ,, 

 to 134° ^Humboldt. 



140 



140 



150 



159 

 142 



Dr. E. Vogel. 



f Thompson's Meteoro- 



1 logy- 

 Sir J. Herschel. 

 Col. Emmett. 



The following is a valuable table of observations made by 

 Schubler, witli regard to which he remarks : " Those observations 



