Construction of Labourers^ Cottages. 505 



When the circumstances allow, the water from the pump may 

 be used for the purpose of flushing the pans. 



The waste water from the pump might be carried by a 1-inch 

 lead pipe within 1 foot of the first pan, and from tliis 2 pipes ^ 

 ■diameter should diverge. 



This arrangement would flush both pans at the same time. 



The best kind of trap for the sink is perhaps the bell trap, 

 Fig. 4, in accompanying plans, which, however, may be improved 

 by having a hinge with a projecting piece of metal, which, while it 

 allows of the bell being partially raised by the knob B, prevents 

 it from being thrown back and left open. 



It has been well said that a man's comfort depends upon a 

 variety of circumstances, which, though singly they may seem 

 trivial, do really make up a large proportion of the sum of earthly 

 happiness. We have kept sight of this principle in the fore- 

 going remarks ; believing that nothing which tends to make the 

 labourer's cottage commodious, cheerful, and healthy, is beneath 

 the notice of the landlord or the philanthropist. The beneficial 

 results attendant upon a due attention to ventilation, drainage, 

 warmth, and accommodation, are many and indisputable ; results 

 which are seen not only in the physical, but also in the social and 

 moral character of the tenant — results of which not the least is 

 that the labourer is thereby induced to consider his dwelling- 

 place as his home. 



Specification of Sundry Works required in the Erection of a pair of 

 Agricultural Labourers^ Cottages according to the accompanying Design. 



Excavator. — The foundations of the varions walls and all necessaiy excava- 

 tions for the water-pipes and drains to be taken out to tJie requircil depths, 

 and all surface-mould taken off. 



The surface of the room on the prround-floor to he excavated to the depth of 

 1 foot, and ]proper air-traps fixed for circulation of air. 



The soil thus removed, and also that which may arise from all other excava- 

 tions, to he distributed around the exterior, so as to give a descent in every 

 direction from tlic buildings. 



Mason. — Form cesspool fi ft. deep under the priA'y and aslipit, and line, 

 pave, and dome the same with 4i- in. brick set in cement. 



Build the privy and aslipit in the jiosition and to the heights shown on 

 plans, with 4-^ in. brickwork. 



F(jrm man-hole in comiexion with cesspool, and cover the same with Pennant 

 or other hard stone slab, with iron rin;^' in same. Form hole in dome of cess- 

 pool, and fit the same with iron ])late and rod, as sut;gesteil in Essay under 

 the head " Drainage." Fix two stoneware connected closet-pans with syphou- 

 trap at tlie liead of soilage-piix.'s. 



Pave the ]iri\y fic)ors witli I ft. .S(iuaro jiaving-tiles, lA in. tliiek. 



The fuotings to Iki built with good liard well-burnt stock bricks, witli close 

 joints filled in solid and well (lushed with mortar. 



The mortar to be eoin]K)sed of well-burnt stone-lime and sharp clean sand, 

 mixed uj) witli a small cpiantity of smith's ashes in proj)er proportions. 



A thick layer of gas-tai- and pitch, mixed to a proixr consistency, to to 



