Deepening the Staple Soil. 561 



2ndly. Subsoil -ploughing, especially upon lands recentlj 

 drained. 



Our experience is against performing this operation for at 

 least two years after drainage, and shows that it is injurious on 

 all unmixed clay or sand subsoils. 



3rdly. Trench-ploughing, forking, digging, &c. 



On this subject we are convinced that there is no prudence in 

 burying a better soil than we bring up, unless an extraordinary 

 quantity of rich manure is to be applied to compound a good 

 soil out of it ; but, as we have shown, when the soil is light and 

 spongy and the under strata of a heavier description, then 

 trenching is at once adding fertility to the soil, as in the cases of 

 bog upon any earth or decomposed rock, or sand upon clay, 

 or even clay on sand, or where the subsoil contains lime : in such 

 cases trenching is beneficial to the farmer. 



4thly. Is pulverization sufficient without inversion of the soil? 



To this our experience says No ; but it says that pulverization 

 is sufficient with occasional inversion — that is, once for each 

 crop. 



Here we have spun our yarn, and hope that others, as well as 

 ourselves, may be able to deepen the staple of our cultivated acres, 

 so as to yield greater abundance of bread and meat, and thus 

 render our posterity less dependent upon other nations for the 

 necessaries of life than we now find ourselves. 



Description of Draught-equalisinij Swincjle-trees, as represented in the Drawings 



Nos. 1, 2, and 3. 



Figure 1 represents a full set of draught-equalising swingle-trees for either 

 three horses abreast, or six three-and-threc abreast ; the equalisers A A dividing 

 the strain upon the draught-cliain II into three equal ])arts, to each of which 

 the swingle-trees B B B are attached, fonning a complete set for three horses 

 abreast as fhown by the Nos. 1, 2, 3. 



Figure 2 represents a set of equalising swingle-trees for any number of 

 horses from two to six. The figure represents the arrangement for live horses, 

 three in the furrow and two on the land, as shown by tlie Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. 



When six liorscs are to be used in three jiairs, two abreast, add another }iair 

 of fore-horse eciualisers, d, before horse No. 2, to which yoke tlie sixth horse ; 

 at the same time alter the chain V intn the centre hole of the equalisers C, 

 also shifting the two end attachments of the master-tree G to the holes of the 

 equali.sers K E nearest the end, which completes the arrangement for six 

 horses two-and-two abreast. 



Wlien four horses are to be used, to alter the arrangement from six to four, 

 cither detach the chain F from the equaliser C, and attach the implement or 

 draught-ehain to C, taking away the last two horses. 



Another way is by detaching tiie two fore horses with their tackling, at 

 the same time changing tlie ends of the master-tree C into the centre holes of 

 the e(iualisers K E. 



Wlien three horses are used, then use the fore]iart of the set represented in 

 the figure, attaching the imiilement or draught-cliain to the equaliser C, taking 

 away the last two liorses Nos. 4 and f^. 



When two horses are to be used, then, detach the fore horse No. 1 with his 



