INVERTEBRATA, CRYPTOGAMIA, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 423 



string. For the destruction of tliese insects it is necessary to have 

 recourse to vaporization, and infected volumes have been placed in a 

 large glass case made as air-tight as possible, with small saucers 

 containing benzine, or sponge saturated with carbolic acid. A strong 

 iiifusion of colocynth and quassia, chloroform, spirits of turpentine, 

 expressed juice of green walnuts, and pyroligneous acid, have also 

 been employed successfully. Fumigation on a large scale may also 

 be adopted by filling the room with fumes of brimstone, prussic acid, 

 or benzine ; or an infected volume may be placed under the bell-glass 

 of an air-pump, and extracting the air, the larvae will be found to be 

 killed after an hour's exhaustion. 



y. Arachnida. 



Generative Organs of the Phalangida.* — The chief results of 

 Herr Loman's investigations, obtained from Phalangium, four species, 

 Leohiinus, three species, and an Opilio, are as follows : — 



Ova have been met with upon the testes, without affecting the 

 production in them of sperm ; they occurred there at the end of the 

 reproductive period. The ova arise in the ovary from epithelial 

 cells. A prolongation of the oviduct, with chitinous rings, here 

 called ovipositor, is enclosed in a sheath composed internally of con- 

 nective and externally of muscular tissue. The penis sheath only 

 differs from the preceding by its inferior thickness. The two small 

 organs opening into the vagina at the front end of the ovipositor 

 contain sperm, and are the receptacula seminis. Each of the two 

 valves of the ovipositor carries a bristle, into which a nerve pene- 

 trates, and which act as feelers during the act of oviposition. The 

 egg-chorion is structureless. No cementing together of the eggs takes 

 place. The spermatozoa are flattened, oval, non-nucleated bodies, 

 •002 mm. in diameter, whose development within the sperm-cells 

 was followed out. The characters of the penis and ovipositor are 

 valuable agents .in the determination of the species. The existence 

 of Phalangida in North America is established. 



5. Crustacea. 



New Parasitic Crustacea.t — Of the two new species described by 

 Professor Ilichiardi, the one, Brachiella ramosa, lives in the branchial 

 arches of the swordfish. It is distinguished from the otlier s])ecie8 of 

 the genus by the ramose form of the second pair of muxillipedcs and 

 of the two lateral lobes at the end of the abdomen. Tlic other species 

 inhabits the sinuses and " mucous canals " of the head of tlie Scom- 

 beroid fish, Strvmateus Jiatola Linn. It is named Philichthys Jiatolm ; 

 and is characterized chiefly by the hooked termination of the fourth 

 appendage of the median section of the body ; the liooks are turned 

 towards the dorsal aspect of the body and are minutely spiued. Ho 

 is now able to confirm an opinion expressed by liim two years ago, 

 that SplHcri/er belongs to the Philichtliyda), an opiuion which, now 



* *Z<)ol. Anzcigpr,' iii. (188n) p. ;iO. 



t ' Atli S(K!. Tost. Sci. Nat.' (I'rfK-. V. rl..), ii. (1S80) p. '2G. 



