INYERTEBRATA, CRYPTOGAMIA, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 473 



Mr. Ward proposes to substitute in the latter case tlie convenient 

 term " nucellus." 



The general method followed in the preparation of the micro- 

 scopic specimens was to treat fresh ovaries with absolute alcohol, 

 afterwards adding glycerine, and retaining them in it for some hours. 



Development of the Embryo and Endosperm of Lupinus.* — 

 While investigating the embryogeny of the Leguminosse, Hcgelmaier 

 found that the genus Lujnnns presents important differences from all 

 other Leguminosaj in the structure and position of the fertilizing 

 apparatus in the ovule, as also in the development of the embryo. 

 In the species examined by him, the author was, however, imable to 

 confirm the previous observations of Hofmeister. 



While Hofmeister ascribes to all species of Lupinus — in contrast 

 to other Leguminosfe — only a single thick integument, and places the 

 embryo-sac in the central region of the nucellus, a portion of the 

 " wart " (Kernwarz) being left behind at the base of the embryo-sac, 

 Hegelmaier finds a single integument in Lupinus varius, mufahilis, 

 and polyphjllus, but a second inner one composed of two layers of 

 cells in L. luteus, which disappears immediately after impregnation ; 

 a portion of the wart is present before impregnation only in L. luteus, 

 being wanting in the other species ; the cavity enclosed by the 

 integument, which contains a loosely applied layer of protoplasm, is 

 sharply pointed. 



According to Hofmeister there are two germinal vesicles placed 

 immediately beneath the " wart," from the impregnation of which a 

 pro-embryo results bearing the embryo at its apex. Hegelmaier found, 

 on the contrary, in L. vnriiis, at the apex of the embryo-sac two 

 nucleated cells, which he regards as analogues of the " synergidje " ; 

 but these shrivel uj) and disappear when the pollen-tube reaches the 

 endostome. The nucleus of the embryo-sac is united with them by 

 jdates of protoplasm. But near the point of greatest convexity of the 

 curvature of the nucellus is a finely granular mass of protoplasm, 

 with about ten nuclei, which indicates the position of the subsequent 

 cells. This compound structure he calls the " er/g-apparatus," since 

 the cell which lies most backwards towards tlie chalaza becomes the 

 ovum or oosphcre. Immediately after impregnation the remainder 

 constitute the " seceudary apparatus." No antipodal cells were 

 clearly made out. Of the nine secondary cells, three primordial cells, 

 the '■'• comites" (" Begleitzellen "), arc separated by a small space, and 

 arc then in contact with the anterior side of the protoplasmic layer 

 opposite to the ovum. In addition to the change in form of the ovule 

 rcKulti)ig from its increase in diameter, inijargiiation also causes tho 

 increase of one of the "comitcs" to a considerable sized ball, having 

 in its interior a number of well-developed nuclei. The six true 

 secondary cells increase; in size ; their contoTits become more coarsely 

 granular, and the nuclei develop int»» sharply defined balls witli 

 shining nucleoli. These parts remain until the seed is ripe. The 

 ovuin finally develops into the embryo in an abnormal manner. 



* * ]5«.t. Zcit.,* xxxviii. (KS80) p. (35. 

 VOL. III. 2 I 



