February, '09] JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 55 



equal width throughout their length. The shell, as one would nat- 

 urally expect, is very delicate, and the egg is dissected out of the bark 

 with difficulty. 



These eggs, when first examined, were filled with a semi-transpar- 

 ent liquid material, which was broken up somewhat into small globules. 

 When collected and examined later, on November 2d. many of them 

 were still in this condition, and many were somewhat cloudy within, 

 in spots, and in some the young nymph, though still very small, could 

 be seen to have already taken form. At that time these nymphs were 

 white in color, and occupied only a very small part of the interior of 

 the egg. They could be seen to move very slightly now and then. 



We have been unable to find fall-laid eggs in any herbaceous 

 plants, though many such which were swarming with Empoasca dur- 

 ing the summer, were most carefully examined in the fall. It is 

 believed from the following observations that in Minnesota these fall 

 eggs are laid from the middle to the latter part of September. Egg 

 pockets (measurements of which correspond exactly to those on nurs- 

 ery stock from which E. mail was reared) were first found in abun- 

 dance September 23 upon the smaller branches of apple trees in an 

 orchard eight years old, located next to an alfalfa field which was 

 very heavily infested with E. mali during the summer. Each pocket 

 or blister contained a single egg. apparently fresh. At that date 

 the hoppers were less abundant in this alfalfa field than they had been, 

 find had been growing markedly less throughout the latter half of 

 September. This field was swept with a collecting net as late as No- 

 vember 4. and at no time was E. mali found in abundance, only a few 

 specimens being taken at a sweeping. This is to be regarded as evi- 

 dence that it does not winter in the adult or any other but the egg 

 stage, since none were found November 4. 



The above-mentioned blisters, containing fall-laid eggs, were found 

 throughout the orchard referred to, Init were apparently most numer- 

 ous on the side adjoining the alfalfa field. They were most plentiful 

 on the second and third years' growth from the present, according 

 to Doctor Franklin's report, though he found them occasionally on 

 Ihe growth next to the present year's growth, and they were often 

 found to be rather numerous on the fifth year's growth from the 

 present. Only one egg blister which appeared to be that of E. mali 

 was found on last season's growth. Distance from the ground does 

 not appear to have the influence on the position of the egg blister 

 which one might expect. To be sure, they seem to be more abundant 

 on the lower branches, but the upper branches also seem to have a con- 

 siderable supply; for instance, different heights were examined, and 



