56 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY | VoL 2 



blisters were found as high as seventeen feet and three inches from. 

 the groimd. Two liranches over twenty feet high were examined, but 

 no blisters were found thereon. It seems probable that adults choose- 

 for fall laying those portions of the tree where blisters are found to 

 be most nunuM-ous l)eeause those portions are in the condition best 

 suited to i)rotect the eggs and at the same time tender enough to make 

 ovipositing easy. The newest growth is not chosen, possibly either 

 because its l)ark is not dense enough to afford satisfactory protec- 

 tion from winter weather, or because its more rapid growth 'might 

 crush the eggs. It may be said here that after the emergence of the- 

 nymph the hole which affords it exit narrows to a barely discernible 

 horizontal slit. 



2. Oviposition During the Summer Months: The petiole of ap- 

 ple and the petiole of clover have been found to be used for egg-lay- 

 ing during the summer. Apparently the egg is placed longitudinalh^ 

 in about the center of the petiole. Fig. 7 on the colored plate shows- 

 a nymph emerging from petiole of clover, as observed by us this year. 



Since this insect swarms in all stages during the summer on a 

 large variety of herbaceous plants, it seems fair to conclude that many 

 such plants harbor summer eggs. Dahlias examined September 30' 

 had adults and nymphs upon stem and petiole, and the minute slit- 

 like scars above referred to were found on these plants. In 1907 ]\Ir. 

 Ainslie found what appeared to be similar scars on petioles of buck- 

 wheat growing in a nursery. 



3. Food Plants: In addition to the apple and clover we find the in- 

 sect in summer on plum, maple, bur-oak, black oak, thorn apple, bass- 

 wood, hazel, box elder, choke cherry, sumac, European birch, cut-leaf 

 birch, syringa, snowball, Carragana, raspberry, blackberry, beans, 

 corn, alfalfa, sugar beets, buckwheat, dahlia, hemp, rhubarb, potatoes, 

 different grasses, etc. Doubtless this list can be largely added to. and 

 as pointed out above, it is more than probable that egg-laying takes- 

 place during the summer upon many of these plants. Field beans 

 and alfalfa upon the Experiment Station grounds were both badl;y 

 inju]"ed this year l)y E. tnali. 



■4. Different Stages and Number of Broods: The finding of five 

 nymphal stages in 1907 (see figures on colored plate) Avas corroborated 

 by observances in 1908. An insectary experiment as to the length 

 of life in each stage resulted in the following : First stage, three to> 

 five days ; second stage, one day ; third stage, six days ; fourth stage, 

 six days; fifth stage, four days, or an average of twenty-two days 

 from egg to adult. Too much reliance must not be placed upon these 

 data, as they are the result of one experiment only, though it is 



