68 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 2 



same benefit from the single spraj' has also been abundantly attained 

 in Colorado and Utah. The single spray is obviously the most econ- 

 omical treatment for the codling moth, and as it has proven decid- 

 edly the most efficient it deserves the attention of Eastern entomolo- 

 gists. The various objections have therefore been collated and an- 

 swered, in hopes that the field worker will not be deterred from giv- 

 ing the method a fair practical test. 



Finally, I wash to repeat that this article and the one which pre- 

 ceded it were not written to antagonize my fellow- workers. The twO' 

 Avere prepared for their benefit, and while the method of arousing 

 attention may lack diplomacy, I hope that the outcome a few years 

 from now will cause an appreciation of the better motives prompting 

 the assertions and accusations to overshadow any present unpleasant- 

 ness. There will be hundreds of Eastern fruit growers who will fol- 

 low the Western method of spraying this year, and they will have 

 success. The professional entomologist may as well keep pace, and 

 accept credit for the movement, for the change in the methods of 

 codling moth spraying is bound to come. 



1. "Theoretically the single spray is all that is necessary, provided 

 you have only one variety to deal with, so that all the fruit reaches the 

 same stage at the same time. Our orchards do not equal in extent 

 those of ^Washington, and we have very few orchards with only a single 

 variety. An apple orchard of three or four hundred trees may contain 

 half a dozen varieties, and the date of blooming hetiveen the earliest 

 and the latest may extend for nearly two weeks." 



This published objection comes from a state of one-tenth the area of 

 "Washington, yet which contains two-thirds as many trees as we have. 

 In our apple districts the usual ranch comprises from five to ten 

 acres. The orchard of twenty acres is the exception. Moreover, 

 these orchards are planted to just as many varieties as are usually 

 found elsewhere. I know of no orchard set out to one or two varie- 

 ties exclusively. Although Mr. Mclnnis, of White Salmon, lost 50% 

 of his crop in 1907, one spraying of his mixed orchard of thirty-five 

 varieties raised his 1908 crop to 99% clean. Mr. Heidenhain of 

 Wenatchee has a house orchard of ten varieties that lost 25% to the 

 codling moth in 1907. This year he sprayed all the trees once, on 

 one day, and changed his returns to a total loss of one-twenty-fifth 

 of one per cent. To get above the trees he used a step ladder. He 

 used a hand pump, one Bordeaux nozzle, and kept the pressure at 

 150 pounds. Mike Horan of Wenatchee sprayed his twelve varie- 

 ties but once after personally studying our spraying. He lost 15 



