February, "09] JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 75 



' orchard run, ' and other forms of grading which will take the wormy, 

 scabby apples with the sound fruit?" 



13. " Spi'aying for the first brood alone could not successfully he 

 depended upon in a very wormy orchard, nor where the orchard is 

 surrounded hy infested trees." 



P. Sanger bought an old orchard at Toppenish that produced 150 

 boxes of salable fruit in 1907. He sprayed it three times for the first 

 brood in 1908 and packed out 9.000 boxes. The orchard was made 97% 

 clean, a decided change from practically 100% wormy, by careful 

 spraying for the first brood alone. The results should have been 

 practically 100% clean, but a 10% calyx infestation of his wormy 

 fruit indicated a faulty application of the first spraying. 



The Breese-Johnson tract at Wenatchee, which lost over half of 

 its fruit in 1907, was certainly a wormy orchard. In 1908 a part of 

 this was sprayed twice and a part once for the first brood and the 

 crop was rendered 99% clean. The second spraying gave no ap- 

 preciable benefit, not enough to pay for its application, and there were 

 no calyx wormy apples. The Blue Pearmains of this orchard were 

 90% wormy in 1907, when they had been given four Vermorel spray- 

 ings. One Bordeaux spraying in 1908 changed the fruit of these 

 trees to 93% clean. The King apples were 85% wormy in 1907. The 

 one spray of 1908, filling the lower cups, changed the loss to less than 

 3%. 



H. E. Bacon has a 35-acre orchard at Evergreen which lost 40% 

 of its crop when Vermorel sprayed. In 1908 it was sprayed once 

 under our direction and the loss was reduced to less than 1%, Mayor 

 Mclnnis of White Salmon lost half of his crop of 1907. In 1908 one 

 spraying saved 99%. Doctor Hedger of Kiona lost every pear to the 

 worms in 1907. Then in 1908 he sprayed once and his record was one 

 wormy pear to three hundred boxes. 



Such cases could be further enumerated, but these show that spray- 

 ing for the first brood is not only practical in the badly-infested or- 

 chard, but that it is the only method that will succeed. 



These same instances will give the answer to the objection made by 

 an eastern entomologist that he would "be afraid to rely on a single 

 spraying during some of the bad seasons, since most of the actual in- 

 jury in the East here is done by the second brood." That is the very 

 time that emphasis should be placed on spraying for the first brood. 



As to the danger from outside infection, we have for some time felt 

 that it is overestimated, w-hen good spraying is done. In a forthcom- 

 ing bulletin will be given the worminess tree by tree in an orchard ad- 



