76 JOURNAL OP ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 2 



jacent to an unsprayed block of trees. Even those trees next to the 

 unsprayed portion did not become contaminated enough to warrant 

 more than the single spraying they were given. 



The Breese- Johnson tract directly adjoins an orchard that was 75% 

 wormy in 1907. The trees adjacent to this wormy orchard are the 

 Kings just cited, which we sprayed once in 1908. The owner of the 

 infested orchard also sprayed and had 25% of loss last season, but the 

 previous and present worminess of his orchard had no appreciable 

 effect on the trees adjoining. 



14. "Cannot just as satisfactory results he obtained with Paris 

 green or arsenate of lead applied as a fine mist in moderate quantities 

 over the trees, at about 100 pounds pressure, if the spray is directed 

 down into the open outer calyx cavities? I have not seen sufficient 

 evidence to ivarrant entomologists in answering this question in the 

 negative." 



Z. A. Lanham of Wenatchee sprayed in just this fashion, a power 

 sprayer at 140 pounds, Vermorel nozzles, and three pounds of arsenate 

 of lead to fifty gallons. Even with four applications properly timed 

 his yearly loss was 4,000 boxes, valued at $4,000. We sprayed his 

 orchard, substituting Bordeaux nozzles at the 1 : 50 formula, and 

 changed his total loss to but six boxes. This man sprayed in the old- 

 fashioned way and paid for it at the rate of $4,000 a year. His 

 spraying bill for labor and materials now amounts to $70 per year. 

 With the slow mist nozzles and concentrated spray and repeated ap- 

 plications it used to be $350. 



S. Johnson and L. H. Breese, also of Wenatchee. have an orchard 

 tract that annually lost 60% of its fruit when Vermorel sprayed, even 

 though a power outfit was used. This year Bordeaux nozzles were sub- 

 stituted, two sprayings instead of four were given and the formula 

 was cut down to one third. The total loss for the combined tract of 

 eight acres was one per cent. Here the substitution of Bordeaux noz- 

 zles had a money value of $3,000. 



A canvass of the orchardists in the Yakima Valley made five years 

 ago showed an average of 85% returns and the Vermorel nozzle was 

 exclusively used. Now these same growers use the Bordeaux nozzle, 

 and their average returns are above 95%. The abandonment of the 

 mist spraj^ nozzle certainly has meant a saving to the fruit growers 

 of Washington of hundreds of thousands of dollars. And, strange 

 to say, scarcely a Bordeaux nozzle is sold east of Colorado. 



While such cases as these are extreme instances, taken where the 

 codling moth is three-brooded and consequently capable of much 



