February, '09] JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC EN'TOMOLOGY 77 



greater damage than in the North Atlantic States, they suggest 

 however the great potential influence carried by the official entomol- 

 ogist. His advice is heeded, and unfortunately the word of the con- 

 servative laboratory professor may carry inore weight than that of 

 the man who has learned in the field. 



]\rist sprays seem to give success in the East, but is not their effi- 

 ciency more apparent than real, due to a comparatively smaller 

 number of larva?? The same warmth and sunshine that gives a red 

 cheek to our Greening apples also produces an extra brood of cod- 

 ling moth. It is where the codling moth does the greatest damage 

 that the mist spray demonstrates its weak points. 



15. "I do not understand how one spraying can control the insect, 

 when all of our experiments have been conducted in such a way as to 

 make the first spraying jiist as effectual as ive possibly could do, many 

 of our sprayings having been done from a platform and the tree com- 

 pletely drenched, and even with this, usually four sprayings have 

 been necessary." 



This coming from a southern experiment station in one of the most 

 important apple regions may be taken as an answer to the preceding 

 objection. As long as our station used Vermorel nozzles or threw the 

 spray up into the trees we deemed four sprayings necessary for our 

 river valleys. The Idaho station has just tested the number of spray- 

 ings necessary when using Yermorel nozzles, and they get their max- 

 imum benefit of 94% with five applications. But Vermorel spraying 

 always gives calyx wormy apples, and it is just in proportion to the 

 number of calyx wormy apples that we find the total infestation vary- 

 ing. Five years ago the Yakima orehardists found 40% of their wormy 

 fruit wormy at the calyx. They were then using Vermorel nozzles. 

 When Bordeaux nozzles were substitued and the spraying was done 

 from the ground the calyx infestation was reduced to about 25%. 

 When the crook and raised platform were adopted, absolutely no ap- 

 ples became wormy through the calyx end. Only when calyx infesta- 

 tion is eliminated can one spraying be relied upon. 



16. "Our country is a large one and the differences between the 

 Atlantic and the Pacific coasts are greater than are ordinarily believed, 

 and this applies to plant life as well as to animal life. Because a prac- 

 tice has been found successfid in Washington, it does not by any 

 manner of means mean that it ivill be equally successful on the At- 

 lantic coast." 



It sounds scientific and weighty and learned to assert this, but how 



