April, '09] JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 133 



111 the tests in Michigan, carried out on apple by ]\Ir. Braucher, it 

 was planned to determine to what extent summer applications of the 

 wash would prevent the young lice from settling upon the fruit when 

 used supplementary to the usual dormant treatment, and when used 

 as a summer spray only, as might occur in its use as a fungicide. 

 Several things interfered to prevent the execution of the Avork as 

 planned and the results were variable. The importance of the dor- 

 mant treatment, however, was clearly shown, and also of a summer 

 treatment about as the young scales were due to appear from adults 

 which escaped destruction, for protecting the fruit from spotting. 



The principal reason for presenting this brief note is to call the 

 attention of entomologists to the possibilities of using the self-boiled 

 lime-sulfur mixture as a summer spray for the San Jose scale, so that 

 if desirable it may be tested under a wider range of conditions. 



The question naturally arises as to the effect of the addition to the 

 wash of arsenicals, such as arsenate of lead, or Paris green, necessary 

 especially in the case of the apple. When the former is added to the 

 wash important evident chemical changes result, the wash taking on a 

 dark gray or blackish color. Concerning these reactions, Mr. J. K. 

 Haywood of the Bureau of Chemistry, to whom we submitted the 

 question, says: ''First, in regard to mixing lead arsenate with lime- 

 sulfur: the lead arsenate is decomposed to a certain extent, lead sul- 

 phide and calcium arsenate being formed. The latter is somewhat 

 soluble, unless an excess of lime is present, in which case it is ren- 

 dered insoluble. The lead sulphide formed being insoluble, would 

 remove some of the sulfur from the solution, but this amount would 

 be relatively small and would probably not materially lessen its 

 efficiency. 



"In the case of Paris green and lime-sulfur, the former appears 

 to be entirely broken up, some of the arsenic going into solution, as 

 arsenic sulphide. A part of the copper also goes into solution, the 

 remainder being precipitated as sulphide. The presence of an excess 

 of lime in this case does not entirely render the arsenic insoluble. 

 The latter practice, therefore, would seem to be of doubtful expe- 

 diency. ' ' 



President Forbes : This paper is now open for discussion. 



Mr. Parrott: I am very glad to hear the results secured by Mr. 

 Quaintance, because we have had similar results in our experiments 

 with this mixture. We have also found that it is very effective in 

 controlling the brown rot on sweet cherries. A number of fruit grow- 

 ers in New York have tried this spray and, while it did not cause any 



