146 JOURNAL OP ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 2 



apple, sometimes attacking- the Gano and only rarely any other sort. 

 In three or four places in Utah this disease has been alarmingly- 

 abundant. Mr. Lars Nording of Hyrum, Utah, planted Ben Davis 

 and Johnathan alternately in the rows in the orchard. Within three 

 years the Ben Davis began to die of ' ' collar rot ' ' and continued to die 

 in this way, until now they are nearly gone, while none of the original 

 Johnathan, nor those planted in the place of the dead Ben Datis, 

 have been affected. No spraying was done in this orchard until nearly 

 half of the Ben Davis trees were dead, and they have not died more 

 rapidly since spraying commenced. 



When the writer began his spraying experiments on the orchard 

 of Mr. Smart a number of trees were found dead or dying of "collar 

 rot, ' ' although the orchard had never been sprayed. These trees were 

 all in a small section of the orchard and in this section other trees 

 have died since the spraying was carried on, while the rest of the 

 orchard has not been affected. 



At Morgan, which is situated in a high mountain valley, a large 

 number of Ben Davis were planted a few years ago, and before any 

 of these orchards began bearing, and therefore before spraying had 

 commenced, numerous complaints were made of the loss to their trees 

 through this disease. The Central Experiment Station orchard con- 

 tains about two acres of Ben Davis trees and when the first spraying 

 was applied there were a number of trees dead and others dying of 

 "collar rot." 



The writer is fairly familiar with most of the orchard regions of 

 both Colorado and Utah and has visited many of the sections of the 

 Northwest, and in no case has he observed that there was any more loss 

 from these causes in orchards that had been cared for and sprayed for 

 years than in neglected and unsprayed orchards, which should, if 

 Doctor Headden's conclusions are correct, be immune from these 

 troubles. 



The only conclusion that it seems possible to draw from the facts 

 cited is, that arsenical poisoning cannot be the primary cause of either 

 one of the above described conditions, and that therefore the main con- 

 clusion of Colorado Bulletin No. 131 is unwarranted. In this bulletin 

 a third condition is mentioned, as occurring in a few cases, in which 

 the sap oozes from the trees and forms a gummy or crystalline mass. 

 This condition the writer has never seen and is therefore in no position 

 to discuss. 



It should be borne in mind in this connection that Doctor Headden 

 was handicapped in his studies by the fact that the area under investi- 

 gation is located several hundred miles from his laboratory, where 



