306 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [VoL 2 



Snow-white Linden IVIoth. {Eidiodios sKhsifinariKS Ilubn.) The serious 

 injuries to beech and other forest trees of last year were continued this 

 season in New York State by extensive depredations in the vicinity of Cooks 

 Falls, Delaware county, in the town of Denning, Ulster county, and about 

 Dahlia, Sullivan county. The remarkable urban flights of this species 

 recorded last year in widely separated Hudson river and Mohawk valley 

 localities were repeated in New York City and some other Hudson valley lo- 

 calities, at least. E. P. Felt. 



Aphididae or plantlice. The early part of 1909 has been noteworthy because 

 of the remarkable abundance of these insects in New York state upon various 

 trees and shrubs in particular. The outbreak of this season is comparable 

 only with that of 1897 and 1903, years distinguished by the superabundance 

 of plantlice in New York state. Observation and weather records show a 

 correlation between an unusually low temperature and the multiplication of 

 aphids. The present season was remarkably cool and backward, a marked 

 change for the better occurring June 21, accompanied by the rapid develop- 

 ment of natural enemies, such as lady beetles and Syrphidte or flower flies 

 in particular. These latter became so numerous as to practically wipe out 

 the hordes of plantlice by the end of the first week in July. Climatic condi- 

 tions similar to those described above prevailed in New York state during the 

 outbreaks of six and twelve years ago. It is interesting, in this connection, 

 to note that recent observations on the spring grain aphis in the southern and 

 middle states by agents of the Bureau of Entomology have shown a correlation 

 between temperature and the development of plantlice and their enemies.. 

 Experimeuts with this species demonstrated the futility of large importa- 

 tions of parasites in the expectation of hastening its control. The writer 

 should not be understood as taking the position that unseasonably low tem- 

 peratures are invariably accompanied by plantlice outbreaks, though there is 

 no doubt but that such conditions have an important influence upon the de- 

 velopment of these pests. 



The following species were unusually abundant or destructive. The green 

 apple aphis, ApMs pomi DeG., and probably its associated species, was exces- 

 sively abundant and injurious in the important fruit sections of the state. 

 A plum aphid referred by Mr. Pergande to the genus Siphocoryne was very 

 numerous. The common cherry aphis, Myzus cerasi Linn., destroyed most of 

 the tender leaves, on young trees in particular. Hard maples, especially the 

 Norway maple, in widely separated parts of the state, were very badly in- 

 fested by Chaitophonis aceris Linn. A very large amount of houeydew was 

 produced, and in not a few instances ten to twenty-flve per cent, of the leaves 

 dropped, the latter due in large measure to plantlice infestation. The incon- 

 spicuous CalUpterus ulmifolii Mon. was unusually abundant on elms at Dun- 

 kirk and Fulton, N. Y., considerable annoyance being occasioned by the large 

 amounts of honeydew, not to mention the injury to the trees. The woolly 

 elm leaf aphid, Schhoneiira americana Riley, was also excessively numerous 

 in some localities. The cockscomb elm gall, Colopha ulmicoJa Fitch, was un- 

 usually abundant, occasional trees having most of the foliage seriously de- 

 formed. The beautiful Drepanosiplnim acerifoUi Thos. was very abundant 

 and rather injurious to soft maples in particular. Weeping birch at Albany 

 and Hudson, N. Y., was very badly infested by Hamamelistes spinosus Schim., 



