August, '09] JOURXAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 311 



method of recording and tabulating results, a somewhat complicated though 

 accurate plan is adopted (p. 441). 



An attempt to separate the effect of poisoning the calyx cavity only, by 

 the use of an atomizer, and of spraying foliage only (the fruit being covered 

 by paper bags) did not furnish very definite results, attributed by Professor 

 Sanderson to the fact that in spraying with the atomizer for the calyx 

 cavity only, the exterior of the fruits also are poisoned to a greater or less 

 extent. 



In the comparison of "Drenching vs. Mist Sprays," it can hardly be 

 claimed, in the writer's opinion, that the conditions for drenching work, as 

 recommended by western entomologists, have been entirely met. Thus, the 

 pressure (a most important factor in the work) in 1907 and in one orchard 

 in 1908 was only from 80 to 100 iiounds ; and iu 1908 from 110 to 120 pounds— 

 in both cases considerably below the pressure specified for effective work. 

 The author concludes: "It is entirely evident from the large amount of data 

 from these five plats that the drenching spray has no particular advantage 

 over the mist spray, except as it may deposit more material on the foliage 

 and apple." The reason is held to be found in the condition of the calyx. 

 In the West, as shown by the figures of Doctor Ball, the calyx cavity is still 

 open two weeks after blossoming 'and by which time the stamen bars have 

 shriveled. This condition for the East, in the case of the Baldwin apple, 

 was found not to obtain, as the calyx lobes are closed in about one week or 

 at the most ten days after blooming, while the stamen bars at this time 

 are still turgid, preventing the enforcement of the spray into the inner 

 calyx cup. 



The report is a most creditable one and shows an enormous amount of 

 detailed work on the part of Professor Sanderson and his assistant, Mr. 

 Wilson, and his former assistant, Mr. T. J. Headlee, constituting a very 

 valuable addition to our literature on this subject. 



A. L. QUAIXTAXCE. 



Fighting the Insect Pests and Diseases of Orchard, Field and 

 Garden Crops, by H. L. Price. Va. Agric. Exp't Sta. Cir. 7, p. 

 1-112, 1909. 



This new departure comprises a concise though comprehensive illustrated 

 discussion of the principal insect pests and fungous diseases afliecting field and 

 garden crops. 



The Report of the Entomologist, by C. W. Howard. Transvaal 

 Dep't of Agric. Kep't. 1907-1908, p. 164-209, 1909. 



This report gives a detailed account of the locust work and incidentally 

 offers a striking illustration of the difficulties under which such operations 

 may be conducted at times. The occasional necessity of drawing water for 

 spraying purposes some twenty miles would appear like a severe hardship 

 to American horticulturists. The extent of the locust work conducted by the 

 Transvaal is illustrated by the expenditure of some $30,000 against the 

 brown locusts. The value of this discussion is greatly increased by a series 

 of maps showing the infested areas. A number of the more injurious insect 

 pests are noticed briefly. There is an extended account, accompanied by 



