364 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol.2 



carbou bisulphid together with the removal of the badly infested trees proved 

 very serviceable, but the hickory bark borer is becoming the most dangerous 

 enemy, threatening over a thousand trees in Prospect Park and sixteen thou- 

 sand others in Forest Park. Every effort is being made to check its ravages. 



.J. J. Levisox, Arhoriculturist. 



Control of the Codling Moth. — At the meeting of the American Pomological 

 Society at St. Catharine's, Ontario, on September 15, Mr. L. Caesar of the On- 

 tario Agricultural College discussed studies made by him in the orchards of 

 Jos. Tweedle at Stony Creek, Ontario, this year. He applied the first spray 

 just as the blossoms dropped, June 4-7, but was delayed on the south half of 

 the orchard until June 10-12 on account of high winds. At the latter date but 

 few calyces had closed. Two pounds of arsenate of lead per barrel, a pressure 

 of 140 pounds with a Friend pump and Friend nozzles at a 4.5 degrees angle 

 were used. The spray was directed into the calyces and the trees were thor- 

 oughly drenched in an effort to lodge the spray in the lower calyx cavity. On 

 the Spy, Jonathan and Van Deveer this was successful because the stamens 

 stand wide apart, but on the Greening, Golden Russet, Red Astrachan and 

 other varieties it was found impossible to penetrate the stamens with the 

 spray. The second spraying was applied June 25 to July 2, when the eggs 

 had been laid and some had been hatched. At this spraying self-boiled lime- 

 sulfur mixtures, 8-8-50, with 2 pounds arsenate of lead, was sprayed with 

 small aperture nozzles at 160 pounds pressure. On July 28 the trees were ex- 

 amined and on the north half, w^here sprayed June 4, 99% of the fruit was 

 found uninfested, which was equally true of varieties in which the spray had 

 not penetrated to the lower calyx cavity. Ninety-four per cent, was found 

 clean on the southern half sprayed June 10. Many larvne which had entered 

 at the sides of the fruit were found to have died after entering. On September 

 13, when the second brood had entered the apples, the trees were again ex- 

 amined. On the north half 90% were perfect and there were no wormy calyces, 

 while on the south half 75-80% were clean and there were some wormy calyces. 

 Unsprayed orchards nearby had 50 to 100% wormy and the orchard sprayed 

 had been 50% wormy the previous year. Two full broods occur in the Niagara 

 peninsula. E. D. Sanderson. 



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