October. "09] jouknal OF ECONOMIC entomology 369 



1, the maximum emergence being about the middle of May. One moth lived 

 14 days, but the average was from 2 to 7 days in jars. More eggs were ob- 

 served on the fruit than have been noted elsewhere. 25 being found on apples 

 against 50 on leaves on May 25, but this count is hardly large enough to be 

 conclusive. Blossoms dropped about April 30 and the first larva? were found 

 in apples about June 2, though a few entered earlier. Seventy-one per cent, 

 of the larvae entered the calyx, 21% entered the side and 8% at the stem. 

 The first brood of moths occurred from July 4 to August 28, the maximum be- 

 ing about the middle of July and the maximum of the larvie found under 

 bands was July 13. Eggs were laid on July 15, 15 being found on leaves, 

 10 on apples. These hatched in five days. Sixty per cent, of the second brood 

 of larvie entered the side of the apples. I'upation stopped about August 8. 

 The band records taken at Blacksburg, latitude 37.25 degrees, altitude 2,170 

 feet, show maxima at June 28 and July 30, while at Emporia, latitude 36.45 

 degrees, elevation 200 feet, the maxima were June 6 and August 5. A fuller 

 study of the life history at these two points would therefore undoubtedly re- 

 veal important differences, with probably a third brood at Emporia. The 

 observations on the life history were made at Blacksburg. 



Well arranged spraying experiments were carried out on York trees with 

 well, planned plots and with both dropped and picked fruit recorded. 70.9% 

 of the fruit was wormy on checked trees. The results indicate that 4 ounces 

 Paris green was not quite as effective as I14 pound arsenate of lead. Drench- 

 ing the trees with Bordeaux nozzles with 100 to 120-pouud pressure with a 

 barrel pump showed no benefit over a mist spray. A pressure gauge was used 

 and a constant pressure maintained. Plots 15 and 16 were in a separate 

 orchard of Ben Davis and so were not comparable with the previous plots. 

 They were sprayed two to four weeks after the blossoms dropped. Six ounces 

 of Paris green seemed to be of equal value to 2 pounds arsenate of lead. 

 With 41.52% wormy on the check trees there were but 2.12% and 4.29% wormy 

 on the sprayed trees and 1.86% and 4.56% of the picked fruit wormy. This 

 indicates that the later spraying gave practically as large a per cent, of good 

 fruit as the earlier spraying directed into the calyx. 



The Codling Moth or Apple Worm in Georgia, by M". V. Reed, 

 Ga. State Bd. Ent. Bull. 29. March 15. 1909. p. 37 ; fig. 23. 



Studies of the life history were made at Cornelia in 1906. Pomona in 1907, 

 and Tallapoosa in 1908. In 1906 the spring brood of moths emerged. May 6 to 

 24, maximum May 12 ; in 1907 from April 25 to May 17, and in 1908 from 

 April 9 to 26. These results^ are based, however, on but from 10 to 20 moths 

 each season. 



Eighty-nine per cent, of the first brood of eggs were laid on the foliage and 

 9% on the fruit in 964 eggs observed. The eggs of the first brood hatch in an 

 average of 9 days. During .July the second brood hatch in 514 days. Mr. 

 Reed has succeeded in rearing larvae on leaves entirely and finds frequent evi- 

 dence of their work on foliage in the orchard. Seventy-one per cent, entered 

 the calyx, 16% the side, and 8% of the larvae entered at the stems during the 

 season. The average life of larvae in the fruit was 28 days for the first 

 brood, and from 13 to 36 days, averaging less than three weeks for the second 

 brood. Most moths lived less than a week, though one lived 25 days, but he 

 concludes that the average life is two to three weeks. Including 5 days from 



