December, '09] journal op ECONOMIC entomology 393 



Food Plants 



The list of food plants on record comprises over fifty species, as 

 follows : 



Gnaws rinds of apples (Walsh & Riley) ; currant (Perkins) ; oak 

 (Hart) ; cotton (Glover, ^Mally) ; rose, apple blossoms and leaves, 

 peach, cherry, yellow birch, plum, clover, honeysuckle, beans, straw- 

 berry, Acer negundo, Crataegus, Cornus stolonifera (C. H. Fernald) ; 

 Betula populi folia (Packard) ; ash (Forbes) ; celery (Davis) ; pear, — 

 leaves and fruit, gooseberry, black currant, garden geranium, silver 

 maple seeds (Fletcher) ; plums and prunes (Piper) ; apple — foliage 

 and young fruit (Lintner) ; Russian apples defoliated (Lugger) ; roses 

 (Smith, Davis) ; blackberry (Chittenden) ; carnations (Sirrine) ; 

 basswood (Gibson) ; bred from apple, cherry, Siberian crab-apple, lilac, 

 liorsechestnut, raspberry, wild strawberry, wild rose (Rosa hlanda), 

 burdock (Lappa officinalis), thistle (Circium lanceolatum) , red clover, 

 ragweed, smartweed. knot grass (P. aviculare), and found on burr- 

 oak, poplar, hazel, sumac, wild raspberry, wild blackberry, horse 

 radish, wild sunflower (Helianthus grosseserratus) and blue vervain 

 (Vei'hena hastata) — Coquillett; elm, beech (C. H. Fernald, mss.). 



Distribution 



C. H. Fernald gives the distribution as from Maine to California. 

 Dyar gives Northern United States and Colorado. It undoubtedly 

 occurs thruout the United States as the following records indicate. 

 Maine (Harvey, Packard) ; Massachusetts (Harris) ; Ontario 

 (Fletcher et al) ; New York (Lintner) ; Pennsylvania, Florida, Texas 

 (Robinson) ; Kansas (Snow) ; Nebraska (Bruner) ; Michigan (Cook) ; 

 Illinois (Coquillett) ; Minnesota (Lugger) ; Washington (Piper) ; 

 Texas (Mally). 



Life History 



The larvae appear in spring and attack the young foliage of the 

 apple as soon as it opens, and later the blossoms and young fruit, as 

 originally described by Harris and by numerous subsequent writers. 

 In the northern states the larv^ mature during June. Coquillet is 

 the only writer who has recorded the length of the pupal stage and 

 gives five to sixteen, average nine days, in Illinois. The moths 

 emerge from May 30 in Delaware, as observed by us, until early July 

 in New England. Dates of emergence of moths as recorded are as 

 follows : — ^Massachusetts, end of June (Harris) ; Maine, last of July 

 (Harvey); Vermont, early July (Perkins); New York, July 1 

 (Fitch), at light June 13 (Lintner); Michigan, mid-June (Cook); 



