398 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 2 



base green ; cervical shield brown or greenish brown, posterior border 

 black, a very distinct dorsal suture lighter; two black tubercles on 

 either side midway between ventral border of cervical shield and 

 prothoracic legs, each provided with two long setse; prothoracic spir- 

 acle posterior to the dorsal tubercle ; thoracic legs black, first segment 

 concolorous with body; prolegs and anal legs green; anal shield con- 

 colorous with body; spiracles circled with brown on each abdominal 

 segment; third to sixth abdominal segments bearing prolegs; yellow- 

 ish tubercles as follows, — abdominal segments one to eight bear sub- 

 dorsal tubercles I and II, with single seta, I mesad of II, III just 

 above spiracle and IV-V just below spiracle, VI, VII and VIII as 

 usual; on segment nine II is nearer the meson than I and lies close 

 to the caudal margin, and III just latero-caudad of II ; anal segment 

 bears three large sub-dorsal setae on the caudal half, and a lateral seta 

 on each side ; meso- and meta-thorax with a sub-dorsal tubercle bear- 

 ing two setee (I), another further latero-cephalad (II), a tubercle 

 with two setge (III-V ?) in the usual position of the spiracle, and one 

 just caudad of this bearing a single seta (IV) ; a tubercle in the same 

 position as VI of the abdominal segments further ventracl and appar- 

 ently homologous ; VII and VIII as usual. 



Pupa. (Plate 17, C). Light brown just after pupation, becoming 

 much darker with age ; lighter on ventral surface ; a mid-dorsal dark 

 line beginning with the thorax running the length of the body ; the 

 anterior and posterior margins of abdominal segments I to VII in- 

 clusive bear a row of short black spines or teeth on both anterior and 

 posterior margins ; yellowish setae are scattered over the body ; a 

 decided blackish cremaster nearly twice as long as broad, about equal 

 to the eighth abdominal segment in length, rounded at tip, bearing 

 two strong hooked spines at the tip and one on either side near the 

 tip. 



Moth. (Plate 17, A. B.) See Robinson and Clemens (1860) in 

 bibliography. 



Natural Enemies 



Parasites. It is evident that this species is most effectively held in 

 check by its natural enemies or with so large a list of food plants, 

 wide distribution, and the number of eggs laid, we should have fre- 

 quent serious outbreaks. What little evidence we have points to the 

 fact that it is held in check by parasites. Coquillett (1882) states 

 that a species of Glypha emerges from the larva about the time it 

 should pupate and spins a cocoon from which the parasite emerges 8 

 to 12 days later; and that in late AugTist, fully one half of the larvae 



