December, '09] JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 447 



a popular discussion and a short technical description of the species, 

 are available to most entomologists, so that an extended discussion in 

 this paper is hardly necessary. 



Previous to Mr. Pergande's description of this species, it had been 

 for many j^ears confused with Lecanium persicce of Europe, on ac- 

 count of its frequent occurrence on peach trees in this country. At 

 present its general range is limited to the eastern half of the United 

 States, including a few states just west of the Mississippi River. Its 

 food plant list is large and comprehensive, including some of our 

 most important economic and ornamental trees and shrubs. 



Its habit of overwintering on the branches of its host plant, in a 

 half-grown stage, is unique among Lecaniums. In microscopical 

 details this species shows relationship with the genus Toumeyella and 

 with Lecanium, and in view of its r'emarkable life history it may some 

 day require a new genus for its proper reception. 



The Tulip Soft Scale 



Toumeyella liriodendri (Gmel.) 



Plate 19, Fig. 3; Plate 20, Fig. 5 • 



Coccus liriodendri Gmel., Syst. Nat., Ed. XIII, p. 2220 (1789). 

 Lecanium tuUpiferce Cook, Can. Ent, X, p. 192 (1878). 

 Lecanium tilim Cook, Ent. Amer., I, p. 211 (1885). 

 Eulecanium twlipiferw King, Can. Ent., XXXIV, p. 60 (1902). 

 Eulecanium liriodendri Fernald, Cat. Coccidse, p. 190 (1903). 



A tree badly infested with this species presents a more disgusting 

 appearance than any other of our common soft scales. Although 

 quite confined to Linodendron tuUpifera as a host plant, it occasion- 

 ally is found on :Magnolias, but is easily distinguished from the larger, 

 flatter magnolia soft scale by its very convex irregular form and dull 

 clay-yellow color. 



This species has been erroneously classified in Eulecanium. The 

 character of its antennae and legs which are reduced to mere stubs 

 preclude any relationship with Lecanium persicce, L. prunastri, etc., 

 but instead relegates it to the genus Toumeyella, with which group it 

 has derm characters in common. 



This species was first described in Europe as C. liriodendri from 

 Liriodendron trees imported from America, then about a hundred 

 years later was described in America under the name tuUpiferce. 

 During these years these two names have been held as representing 

 distinct species, and more recently have been placed under the sub- 

 division Eulecanium where they have no relationship. 



