mvERTEBRATA, CRYPTOGAMIA., MICROSCOPY, ETC. Gil 



invaginations, broad internally, drawn out externally into necks ; 

 these suckers arc arranged in rows at right angles to the axis of the 

 colony. 



Larva of Bowerbankia.* — By way of correction of and supiilemcut 

 to Lis j)revious papers on BowerbanJcia,^ W. RepiachofF says that 

 the part there described as a mouth and commented on as being 

 exactly opposite in position to the mouth of the Chilostomata docs not 

 lead into the digestive cavity at all, but is simjily a ciliated depression 

 of the epithelium, and has no morphological connection with the 

 chilostomatous mouth. The organization of the larva is now seen 

 to be more complicated than was previously stated ; the external epi- 

 thelium is lined on its inner face by a connective-tissue layer, specially 

 thickened at certain points : in the body proper is found a mass of 

 cells considered to be the homologue of the glandular intestinal layer : 

 at the lower part of the body occurs a paired mass of pear-shaped 

 cells which stain deeply with carmine, indigo-carmine, and hfema- 

 toxylin, and are regarded as representing the " cement glands " of the 

 Entop-octa. 



Euktiminaria ducalis.:}: — The Ecv. J. E. Tenison-Woods recently 

 described § what he considered to be a new genus of Polyzoa under 

 the above name, and mentioned that similar fossils had been found in 

 the chalk, and that M. d'Orbigny had suggested that they were 

 ComatuliB without arms. The author is now convinced that this 

 explanation of these bodies is the correct one. They are the central 

 disks of some unknown species of Co7Jia<M?ce, and he has seen a central 

 disk of an undescribcd species, which though much smaller and with 

 very much fewer pores, yet is so similar in all other respects that he 

 does not doubt that Euldiminaria ducalis, the Glenotremiles paradoxus 

 of Goldfuss, and the Decamerus mijsticiis of Ilagenow, are all central 

 disks of Comatulce. The central pores on each of these organisms which 

 bear so close a resemblance to the cells of Polyzoa are doubtless con- 

 nected with the water circulation, like the madreporiform bodies in 

 the Echinodcrmata. They are not present in all the Comatuhe, at 

 least in this form. 



Arthropoda. 



Nervous Collars of Arthropods.! — M. Lienard gives diagram- 

 matic figures of the (csoiihagcal rings of Cossus li(in'q)crda, eight 

 other Hexapods, and two Myriopods. He has studied more than 

 sixty genera of Arthrojiods, whoso nervous collars he arranges under 

 four types. 



1. Type of Crustacea. — Oesophageal connectives ( = longitudinal 

 commissures) very long ; transverse commissure straight, at some 

 distance in front of the sub-a'sophagcal ganglion : Crustaceans (except 

 Isopods), Myriopods (Glomcris limhata) and Ilexapods (Gryllus cam- 



* 'ZfK.l. AnzciK.,' iii. (1880) p. 2G0. 



t Iliiil , ii. (l^T'.i) p. (JdO, find i. (1878), No. 10. Sec ante, p. 238. 



X ' Tnic. Limi. Soc. N. S. Wnlcs,' iv. (18S0) p. 310. 



§ See tliis .Tnnrniil, ii. (1S7'.») p. 707. 



II ' Anh. «lc Biologic,' i. (1H80) pp. 381-391 (1 plate). 



2 S 2 



