818 RECORD OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



upper surface of the body (c), in a vacant space surrounded by tlio 

 suckers ; after a few minutes this sends out a number of conical 

 elevations (e) regulai'ly arranged in a circle ; they are transparent, 

 and after a few hours become detached and swim freely. From two 

 to eight may thus be produced ; they are finely granular, become 

 elongated, and on their concave internal face apjicars a series of short 

 cilia ; it is in about half an hour from this time that they are liberated, 

 and may either crawl or swim by the aid of these cilia. The suckers 

 of the parent are sometimes wholly retracted during the process, and 

 are subsequently rein-oduced from the dense, shrunken body (Fig. 13, 

 c, e). These buds are of truly external origin, the only peculiar 

 condition noticed inside the parent body at this time being the 

 prolongation of its nucleus into as many filaments as there are buds, 

 as in the case of the internal gemmte. The dorsal surface of the bud 

 is convex ; there are two contractile vacuoles, one appearing at the 

 middle of the process of gemmation; the nucleus is about "012 mm. 

 long, and pale-coloured. The bud ceases crawling (Fig. 12, a), and 

 after resting, fixed by its cilia (i), for a short time, it loses these, and 

 becomes attached by its entire ventral face (b) ; the two lateral mar- 

 gins then become slightly drawn out, and short processes (c) appear 

 on the upper surface; the ventral surface becomes contracted (^d, e,f) 

 until it forms a peduncle (j), the upper surface, which now bears 

 transparent, but soft, rays, becoming regularly circular ; a delicate 

 hyaline i)ellicle then appears on the circumference of the body. The 

 peduncle proper appears last, without any ajjparent origin from the 

 substance of the body, as a narrow hyaline disk at its base ; it then 

 becomes a short non-nucleated capsule with distinct walls (g, h, k, I), 

 ultimately elongating to assume its final shape. 



Another form of bud (Fig. 14, I) is observed, but less commonly, 

 ■ at the same period. When first seen, it formed a cylindrical process 

 in the calyx, was finely granular, contained one or two contractile 

 vacuoles, and bore a few short rays (h) ; it then elongated itself, 

 having a basal strand of substance connecting it with the adult, 

 whose cuji-like form it takes ; it moves with ease on its pedicle in 

 this position, but though readily detached, its future history was not 

 traced. 



Variety of Codonosiga botrytls Stein ex Ehrb. (Fig. 15). This 

 form often has a branched pedicle, the secondary pedicles starting 

 from the top of the primary one ; each carries an individual, and 

 their number never exceeds four, and, like the top of the chief one, 

 they are thicker than the stem. The hyaline, finely granular body 

 substance contains some special refracting granules, •001- '002 mm. 

 broad. To a small elevation at the anterior end are attached 

 four short, stiff cirrhi (/), half the length of the body, in some 

 cases united by a delicate membrane so as to form a collar (e). In 

 some individuals the base of the flagellum (j) is surrounded by a short 

 cup-shaped process (i) which may be either homogeneous or longitu- 

 dinally striated and is alternately protruded and retracted ; it has not 

 been observed before. The flagellum ends bluntly. There is no 

 shell, the body and pedicle dissolving rapidly in ammonia. 



