INVERTEBRATA, CRYPTOGAMIA, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 835 



perithecium and the escape of the spores. In Choitomium fimeti there 

 are at the base of the perithecium very hygroscoiiic hair-like appen- 

 dages, which attach themselves to other objects, and by their elasticity 

 burst the perithecium. In Cephalotlieca tdbulata n. sp. (possibly iden- 

 tical with Eurothim pulcherrimiim), the wall of the perithecium consists 

 of polyhedral shields, separated by a layer of a delicate tissue, which 

 are easily forced apart by the pressure of the asci. 



Fungus-parasites of the Aurantiacese.* — A. Cattaneo contributes 

 a list, with descriptions, of no less than 34 species of fungus parasitic 

 on the orange and its allies, including the following new species : — 

 Sclerotium Citri, on rotten lemons ; Plioma Hesperidearum, on living 

 leaves ; Seploria Hesperidearum, on leaves ; Gloeosporium Hesperi- 

 dearum, on living leaves ; Hysterium Aurantii, on dry wood of the 

 orange ; Cryptovalsa Citri, on roots which have lost their bark. 



Fungi parasitic on Forest-trees.f — E. Eostrup publishes a 

 memoir on the fungi parasitic on forest-trees in Denmark, excluding 

 the Uredinca), which have been previously treated of. The species 

 specially described are Agaricus melleus and osireaius, Trametes radi- 

 ciperda and Pini, P ohjpor us foment ari us, igniarius, conchatus, radiatus, 

 sulphureus, siiaveolens, and populinus, Thelephora laciniata, Stereum 

 hirsutum, Corticeum sulphureum, Gymnoasci, Peziza WillJcommi, Hliy- 

 tisma, Lophodermium, Hypoderma, Ustulina, Nectria ditissima, Phylla- 

 chora, Cladosporium, Eriisiphei, Phytophthora Fagi, and Schinzia Aim. 



Agaricus melleus is destructive not only to all Coniferas, with the 

 exception of the silver fir, but attacks and kills many other trees, 

 especially the beech, hornbeam, alder, bircli, poplar, willow, sycamore, 

 and mountain ash. It is especially injurious to young pines of from 

 five to ten years old. Among the other most destructive fungi are 

 Trametes radiciperda and Nectria ditissima, while it is shown that 

 several species of P ohjpor us arc true parasites. 



Witch-broom of the Cherry (Exoascus WiesnerD.t — The peculiar 

 deformity of the cherry, birch, &c., known as " Hcxeubesen," or " witch- 

 broom," is stated by De Bary, in his 'Morphologic u. Physiologie der 

 Pilzo,' not to be caused by parasitic fungi, but to be of .unknown 

 origin. E. Rathay believes, on the contrary, tliat he has established 

 that this disease is caused in the cherry by Exoascus deformans Ccrasi 

 Fckl,, the mycelium of which persists in the malformation, branching 

 out each year into tlic young shoots, and forming its liymenium in 

 May on the under side of the leaves between the cuticle and tlio 

 epidermal cells. 



Exoascus deformans. Cerasi lias a well-developed mycelium, and 

 8-spored asci, and is therefoi'o well placed in this genus. It difftrs 

 specifically from the E. deformans PersiccB Fckl. of the peach, for 



• ' Arcliivio labomt. Botnn. Crittognin. di Pavia,' iii. (1870). Sec 'lit. 

 Ceiitralbl.,' i. (18.^0) p. 450. 



t 'Tidsskr. for Skovbrii^' ' (CoppDlinjrrn), iv. (1880) p. I. 

 X 'Oestorr. Dot. Zeitschr.,' xxx. (18S0) p. 225. 



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