842 RECOKD OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



In accordance with Schwendener's well-known theory, tlie author 

 regards the genus as belonging, like other lichens, to the Asco- 

 niycetes. Were the gonidia to be regarded as special organs, 

 the following improbable results would ensue : (1) Very nearly 

 related species, like A. granitojpldla and neglectula, and even difl'erent 

 forms of the same species, as A. mediella, would have diiferent 

 organs of assimilation, differing greatly from one another, and with- 

 out any transitional forms. (2) Very nearly related species, as 

 A. spectcibilis and subastroidea, and even different forms of the same 

 species, like A. radiata, would differ in some of them possessing, while 

 others were altogether without, organs of assimilation. (3) Both the 

 liyphfB and the gonidia and cortical cells would present no difference, 

 whether Arilwnia was autonomous, or whether it derived its nutri- 

 ment from the cortical cells. (4) The structure of the thallus would 

 be the same, whether Arfhonia had gonidia, or whether it made use of 

 the gonidia of other lichens. 



The absence of gonidia is no sufficient reason for excluding a 

 plant from the group of lichens. The gonidia of the same or of 

 allied species are cither Palmellacefe or Chroolepida3 ; the gonidia of 

 two species are often intermixed. The gonidia not uufrequently owe 

 their origin to the thallus of other lichens ; for example, those of 

 A. pliceohcea to Verrucaria ceutocarpa. Soredia occur in some species. 

 In A. fusispora there are apothecia-like structures, which the author 

 is inclined to regard as soredia. 



The genus is divided into seven sections : viz. Coniangium, Coni- 

 oloma, Pacnolepia, Trachylia, Euarthonia, Nsevia, and Lecideopsis, 

 the last of which is new, and includes the new species, A. amylospora, 

 vagans, intecta, and oxijsjjora. 



Algae. 



Algal Vegetation of the Siberian Sea-coast.*— In spite of his 

 conviction expressed in 1876 that no new forms would be added to 

 the known Algfe of the Siberian part of the Arctic Ocean, F. R. Kjell- 

 mann is able to identify from Baron Maydell's description three species 

 from Tschaun Bay as belonging to the genera Alaria and Laminaria ; 

 they were observed in the Russian Geographical Society's Expedition 

 of 1869. 



The results obtained in Professor Nordenskiold's expedition show 

 that an algal flora appears at various points at a distance from the 

 coast, as well as in the sublittoral regions ; only two of the former 

 localities show a jDoor list of species, and here these are confined 

 to Lithothamnion pohjmorplmm, Phyllophora interrupta, and Lithoderma 

 fatiscens. Two shore stations furnished only two species, which 

 were an Enteromorpha and a Urospora. Fucacese do not occur 

 at all in the littoral region, and only one, Fucus evanescens, was 

 met with in the eastern part of the Arctic Ocean, and has a 

 wide though scanty distribution in the western part. The richest 

 localities were the so-called North Cape (lat. 68° 55' N., long. 

 179° 25' W.), and the mouth of the Koljuschin Gulf. The most 



* ' Oefv. K. Vet. Akad. Forb." (Stockholm), xxxvi. (1880) p. 23. 



