INVERTEBRATAj CRYPTOGAMIA, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 855 



able risk of being contaminated with dust and other extraneous matter, 

 Mr. Marsh emi^loys a system of continuous washing (see Fig. 81^, 

 For this purpose a small wide-necked bottle, as for bleaching, is 

 required, and into the side, half an inch or so below the bottom of the 

 cork, a small hole about an eighth of an inch in diameter is drilled. 

 A well-fitting cork must be pierced through the centre, so as to permit 

 the stem of a small funnel to pass through it. By means of a small 

 indiarubber tubing, the funnel stem is to bo prolonged till it reaches 

 the bottom of the bottle on the side tvhich is opposite to that containing 

 the perforation. 



The bottle is then half filled with filtered water, and the sections 

 put into it, and the cork carrying the funnel fitted in. After having 

 placed a disk of filtering paper into the funnel, this is put beneath the 

 water-tap, and a gentle stream allowed to trickle into it. The water 

 will pass to the bottom of the bottle, gradually ascend, and then pass 

 out at the hole in the side, by which means a constant change in the 

 water in the bottle is brought about, and a system of continuousi 

 washing established. As in bleaching, so in washing, the apparatus 

 may be left to do its work in the night. If the tap be set running in 

 the evening, the washing will be found to have been most efiectually 

 accomplished by the morning. 



Wickersheimer's Preservative Liquid.* — Herr Wickersheimer 

 has been continually making experiments for improving this liquid,f 

 and has become convinced that one and the same mixture is not 

 suited for all objects ; and he has therefore made four different kinds, 

 for the application of which the following directions are given : — ■ 



No. 1 is for injecting whole corpses, including, when still prac- 

 ticable, the injection of separate parts ; also for immersing preparations 

 of muscle and nerve, and generally for preserving such preparations 

 as easily become mouldy. The injection is effected by introducing 

 the fluid by a syringe with a blunt tube into the carotid artery, or into 

 any large blood-vessel in separate portions of corpses. For smaller 

 bodies, lOOgi'ammcsof the liquid should be allowed for every kilo, in 

 weight (if the body, for larger ones 1 kilo, of liquid to 25 kilo, weight. 

 For adult men and large animals, it is enough rf '500 to 'TSO kilo, of 

 liquid is used to every 25 kilo, weight. 



No. 2 is for preserving and keeping flexible the ligaments of the 

 skeleton ; also for preserving Crustacea, beetles, &c., and for lung. 

 The objects should lie in the liquid from two to six days, according to 

 their size, and then be put by dry. Lung must be treated as follows, 

 in order to retain its elasticity permanently. After having first forced 

 out the blooil, the lung is filled with the liquid by a funnel which is 

 inserted in the windpipe until it is fully extended. Then, after tlio 

 liquid has been allowed to drain away again through the windpipe, 

 the lung is immediately treated several times with the liquid on the 

 outside, and inflated ; it is then advisable to rinse it once more in u 

 mixture of one i)art of No. 1 and one part of glycerine, and put it in a 



* ' Eutt'mr.l. Naclir.; vi. (1880) p. 12'J. 

 t Soo tliis Jounml, nutr, pp. 'A'lft niul 09(J. 



