INVERTEBRATA, CRYPTOGAM [A, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 997 



with Synchytnum Myosotidis, Kuebn, distinguisliing it as the var. 

 Dryadis. The spherical, ovoid, or flask-shaped cells which conceal 

 the parasite resemble large golden-yellow or reddish-yellow glands 

 emerging above the epidermal layer ; they arc more abundant on the 

 upper than the under surface, often so closely packed as to form a 

 kind of incrustation ; they also occur on the leaf-stalks, stipules, and 

 sepals, less often on the flower-stalks. Each of these abnormally 

 swollen cells contains one, or less often two spores. The tissue of 

 the infected leaf undergoes the ordinary hypertrophy. 



New Vine-disease.* — Under the name " Herbstbrenner " Dr. 

 Kfibler describes a disease of the vine which shows itself in the rapid 

 fall of the leaves, resulting from warm sunshine after a cold autumn 

 rain, causing some of the cells of the leaves to burst, and the fluid 

 contents to flow into the intercellular spacoSj and there decompose. 

 The products of decomposition give rise to a fungus which develops 

 with great rapidity into brown tufts on the upper surface of the leaf; 

 and entire vineyards lose their leaves in a few days. The fungus 

 consists of a white mycelium with fertile threads which bear bilocular 

 spores grouped in tufts. The author proposes for it the name Clado- 

 sporium autumnale. 



With regard to O'idium Tuckeri and Sphaceloma ampelinum, Dr. 

 Kiibler considers that they are not the causes of the well-known vine- 

 diseases, but the result of unhealthy conditions of soil, climate, &c. 



Pfau-Schellenberg disputes this last conclusion of Kiibler; but 

 confirms his observations with regard to the Cladosporium autumnale. 



Clover-disease in Sweden.f — A very destructive disease first made 

 its appearance on the clover-crops in Hesse in 1857, since spreading 

 into Denmark and Sweden. Its histoi-y and cause have been closely 

 investigated by J. Eriksson, who attributes it, as previous observers 

 have done, to the ravages of a parasitic fungus. He does not, how- 

 ever, agree with H. Hoflhiann, in identifying the parasite with Peziza 

 cihoroides Fr., from which it diti'ers both in the time of year at which 

 it appears, and in other respects. The writer proposes for it the name 

 Peziza {Sdcrotinia) trifdUoruiu, and considers it nearly allied to S. 

 Jwmocarjia Karst. The form in which the fungus attacks the clover 

 is that of a sclerotium ; but its propagation the writer considers duo 

 to hyjjhaj which become attached to the clover-seeds. 



Salmon Disease.t — The subject of the salmon disease still occupies 

 the attention of the Fishery Commissioners, and a jiaper on the 

 subject has been read at the Dumfriesshire Natural Histt)ry Society, 

 in which it is maintained that tho disease is aggravated, if not caused, 

 by the presence of a vast number of Bacteria in the flesh of tho 

 diseased spots. 



Mr. Eutlicrford writes : — " Sccticms of tho muscle, when placed 

 under tho Microscope, wore seen to be literally one mass of life ; that 



* ' Arch. Sci. i)liy.s. et n;it. Goiiove,' 1879, p. loG. Soo ' Bot. Contralbl.,' i. 

 (1S80) p. 2'.J8. 



t ' K. Svcnsk. Laiultbr. Akad. Hiindl. och Tiddskr.,' 1880. Sco ' Bot. 

 Centmlbl.,' i. (1880) p. 2'.»(1. 



X '(jirrvilUa," ix. (1880) pp. 0-10. 



